Cited by 17COVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesMalaria Research and ControlSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

Insights in Chloroquine Action: Perspectives and Implications in Malaria and COVID‐19

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Pillat, Micheli Mainardi, Krüger, Arne, Guimarães, Lara Mendes Ferreira, Lameu, Claudiana, de Souza, Edmarcia Elisa, Wrenger, Carsten, Ulrich, Henning·2020·Cytometry Part A

Abstract

Malaria is a threat to human mankind and kills about half a million people every year. On the other hand, COVID‐19 resulted in several hundred thousand deaths since December 2019 and remains without an efficient and safe treatment. The antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and its analog, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), have been tested for COVID‐19 treatment, and several conflicting evidence has been obtained. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the evidence regarding action mechanisms of these compounds against Plasmodium and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, together with cytometry applications. CQ and HCQ act on the renin angiotensin system, with possible implications on the cardiorespiratory system. In this context, flow and image cytometry emerge as powerful technologies to investigate the mechanism of therapeutic candidates, as well as for the identification of the immune response and prognostics of disease severity. Data from the large randomized trials support the conclusion that CQ and HCQ do not provide any clinical improvements in disease severity and progression of SARS‐CoV‐2 patients, as well as they do not present any solid evidence of increased serious side effects. These drugs are safe and effective antimalarials agents, but in SARS‐CoV‐2 patients, they need further studies in the context of clinical trials. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry

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Crossref · 10.1002/cyto.a.24190

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Authors
Pillat, M. M., Krüger, A., Guimarães, L. M. F., Lameu, C., de Souza, E. E., Wrenger, C., & Ulrich, H.
Affiliations
  • Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (BR)
  • Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
  • Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
Corresponding author
Ulrich, Henning
Venue
Cytometry Part A
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-08-21
Volume
97
Issue
9
Pages
872-881
ISSN
  • 1552-4922 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-4930
OpenAlex
W3043206575
Cited by
17
References
104
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3
FWCI
0.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cytometry Part A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
  • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
  • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2015/19128‐2, 2015/26722‐8, 2018/07366‐4, 2018/08820‐0)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Malaria Research and Control
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Keywords
chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, malaria, COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2, Plasmodium, antimalarial drugs, renin-angiotensin system, flow cytometry, image cytometry, immune response, disease severity, drug safety, mechanism of action
MeSH terms
Betacoronavirus, Host Microbial Interactions, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, Animals, Antimalarials, Antiviral Agents, Chloroquine, Flow Cytometry, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Malaria, Plasmodium, Pneumonia, Viral, Treatment Outcome, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics

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