Cited by 60Renin-Angiotensin System StudiesEicosanoids and Hypertension PharmacologyCoagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema

The depressor axis of the renin–angiotensin system and brain disorders: a translational approach

Open access
Gironacci, Mariela M., Vicario, Augusto, Cerezo, Gustavo, Silva, Mauro G.·2018·Clinical Science

Abstract

All the components of the classic renin–angiotensin system (RAS) have been identified in the brain. Today, the RAS is considered to be composed mainly of two axes: the pressor axis, represented by angiotensin (Ang) II/angiotensin-converting enzyme/AT1 receptors, and the depressor and protective one, represented by Ang-(1–7)/ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/Mas receptors. Although the RAS exerts a pivotal role on electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure regulation, their components are also implicated in higher brain functions, including cognition, memory, anxiety and depression, and several neurological disorders. Overactivity of the pressor axis of the RAS has been implicated in stroke and several brain disorders, such as cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer or Parkinson’s disease. The present review is focused on the role of the protective axis of the RAS in brain disorders beyond its effects on blood pressure regulation. Furthermore, the use of drugs targeting centrally RAS and its beneficial effects on brain disorders are also discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1042/cs20180189

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  • Components of the depressor axis correlate to enhanced cognition and cell survival in the brain, orchestrating antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses.

    “Briefly, components of the depressor axis correlate to enhanced cognition and cell survival in the brain, orchestrating antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses.”
  • The balance between the pressor and depressor axis of RAAS is implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.

    “In fact, the balance between the pressor and depressor axis of RAAS is implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, as carefully reviewed elsewhere [115, 117].”
  • ACE cleaves angiotensin I into Ang II, and Ang II levels are counterbalanced by the depressor axis that degrades Ang II into Ang 1,7 through ACE2 activity; Ang 1,7 activates MasR.

    “ACE is responsible for the cleavage of angiotensin I into Ang II, and Ang II levels are counterbalanced by the depressor axis that degrades Ang II into Ang 1,7 through ACE2 activity. Finally, Ang 1,7 activates MasR [115].”
  • Consequently, Ang 1,7 that would exert beneficial effects against CNS damage and neurological deficits is not formed, prevailing Ang II actions mediated by the AT1R promoting fibrosis, lung injury, and neuroinflammation.

    “Consequently, Ang 1,7 that would exert beneficial effects against CNS damage and neurological deficits [115] is not formed, prevailing Ang II actions mediated by the AT1R promoting fibrosis, lung injury, and importantly neuroinflammation [115].”

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  1. c 2018 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 47

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Authors
Gironacci, M. M., Vicario, A., Cerezo, G., & Silva, M. G.
Affiliations
  • Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
  • Instituto Cardiovascular de Buenos Aires (AR)
Venue
Clinical Science
Published
2018-05-25
Volume
132
Issue
10
Pages
1021-1038
ISSN
  • 0143-5221 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-8736
OpenAlex
W2804759043
Cited by
60
References
162
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
FWCI
1.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Clinical Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Conicet (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Coagulation, Bradykinin, Polyphosphates, and Angioedema
Keywords
renin-angiotensin system, angiotensin-(1-7), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Mas receptor, angiotensin II type 1 receptor, blood pressure regulation, neurological disorders, cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, anxiety, depression
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Angiotensin I, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors, Anxiety, Brain Diseases, Cognition, Humans, Peptide Fragments, Renin-Angiotensin System, Stroke, Translational Research, Biomedical

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