Medical and productivity costs of anxiety disorders: Case control study
Abstract
This retrospective case-control study examines the medical and productivity costs associated with a diagnosis of anxiety. The study used a data set from a large employer database that collected medical, pharmaceutical, absenteeism, short-term disability, and worker compensation records during 2000 from 6 major employers. Patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders (n= 1917) were matched at a 1:1 ratio to patients not diagnosed with anxiety disorders (n= 1917) based on age, sex, metropolitan statistical area, and type of insurance coverage. Paired-difference t tests, McNemer's test, and analyses of covariance were used to compare the anxiety population with the control group. Employees diagnosed with anxiety disorders were significantly more likely to have additional diagnoses, use more services, require hospitalization, or visit the emergency room compared with the control group. Furthermore, after controlling for differences in comorbidities, employees diagnosed with anxiety disorders had significantly higher medical costs [$1555; 95% confidence interval (CI) $1066-2043], productivity costs ($1366; 95% CI $708-2023), and total costs ($2920; 95% CI $2035-3805) compared with the control group. Results indicate that anxiety disorders are associated with significant medical and productivity costs.
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From Early intervention in panic: Pragmatic randomised controlled trial (2010) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Marciniak, M., Lage, M. J., Landbloom, R. P., Dunayevich, E., & Bowman, L.
- Affiliations
- Eli Lilly (United States) (US)
- Quinnipiac University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lage, Maureen J.
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 112-120
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6394
- OpenAlex
- W2154649533
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, health care costs, productivity costs, absenteeism, short-term disability, worker compensation, hospitalization, emergency department visits, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Absenteeism, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Efficiency, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, United States, Case-Control Studies, Health Care Costs, Cost of Illness
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