PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO MATERNAL AND PATERNAL DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AND BRAIN MORPHOLOGY: A POPULATION-BASED PROSPECTIVE NEUROIMAGING STUDY IN YOUNG CHILDREN: Research Article: Prenatal Depressive Symptoms and Brain Morphology
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BACKGROUND: Prenatal depressive symptoms have been associated with multiple adverse outcomes. Previously, we demonstrated that prenatal depressive symptoms were associated with impaired growth of the fetus and increased behavioral problems in children aged between 1.5 and 6 years. In this prospective study, we aimed to assess whether prenatal maternal depressive symptoms at 3 years have long-term consequences on brain development in a cohort of children aged 6-10 years. As a contrast, the association of paternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy and brain morphology was assessed to serve as a marker of background confounding due to shared genetic and environmental family factors. METHODS: We assessed parental depressive symptoms during pregnancy with the Brief Symptom Inventory. At approximately 8 years of age, we collected structural neuroimaging data, using cortical thickness, surface area, and gyrification as outcomes (n = 654). RESULTS: We found that exposure to prenatal maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy was associated with a thinner superior frontal cortex in the left hemisphere. Additionally, prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were related to larger caudal middle frontal area in the left hemisphere. Maternal depressive symptoms at 3 years were not associated with cortical thickness, surface area, or gyrification in the left and right hemispheres. No effects of paternal depressive symptoms on brain morphology were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were associated with differences in brain morphology in children. It is important to prevent, identify, and treat depressive symptoms during pregnancy as it may have long-term consequences on child brain development.
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Elevated maternal psychological distress during mid-gestation is associated with a reduction in cortical thickness in the whole cortex and frontal lobes in children at 6-9 years old.
“and the whole cortex and frontal lobes in children at 6–9 years old [21, 24]”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
The Prenatal Maternal and Paternal Depressive Symptoms section places the assessment at about 20.6 weeks of gestation, and Study Population identifies children aged 6–9 years. Surface-Based Analyses reports thinner cortex specifically in the left superior frontal gyrus, not reduced thickness across the whole cortex or frontal lobes generally. The measured exposure was maternal depressive symptoms, rather than psychological distress broadly. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- El Marroun, H., Tiemeier, H., Muetzel, R. L., Thijssen, S., van der Knaap, N. J. F., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Fernández, G., Verhulst, F. C., & White, T. J. H.
- Affiliations
- The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC; Sophia Children's Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Medical Center; Nijmegen The Netherlands
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital (NL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-05-10
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 658-666
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2347854396
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 6.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Sophia Children's Hospital Fund (SSWO-616)
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (633595)
- Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMW Geestkracht Program (10.000.1003)
- ZonMw TOP (40-00812-98-11021)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- prenatal depressive symptoms, maternal depression, paternal depressive symptoms, brain structure, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, cortical folding, superior frontal cortex, child brain development, pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Child, Child Development, Depressive Disorder, Fathers, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mothers, Netherlands, Parents, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Prospective Studies, Neuroimaging
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