Newborn amygdalar volumes are associated with maternal prenatal psychological distress in a sex-dependent way
Open accessAbstract
Maternal psychological distress during pregnancy (PPD)1 has been associated with changes in offspring amygdalar and hippocampal volumes. Studies on child amygdalae suggest that sex moderates the vulnerability of fetal brains to prenatal stress. However, this has not yet been observed in these structures in newborns. Newborn studies are crucial, as they minimize the confounding influence of postnatal life. We investigated the effects of maternal prenatal psychological symptoms on newborn amygdalar and hippocampal volumes and their interactions with newborn sex in 123 newborns aged 2–5 weeks (69 males, 54 females). Based on earlier studies, we anticipated small, but statistically significant effects of PPD on the volumes of these structures. Maternal psychological distress was measured at gestational weeks (GW)2 14, 24 and 34 using Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90, anxiety scale)3 and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)4 questionnaires. Newborn sex was found to moderate the relationship between maternal distress symptoms at GW 24 and the volumes of left and right amygdala. This relationship was negative and significant only in males. No significant main effect or sex-based moderation was found for hippocampal volumes. This newborn study provides evidence for a sex-dependent influence of maternal psychiatric symptoms on amygdalar structural development. This association may be relevant to later psychopathology.
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Prenatal maternal psychological problems and depressive symptoms are negatively associated with amygdala volumes in newborns and young children, especially in males.
“On the contrary, prenatal maternal psychological problems and depressive symptoms are negatively associated with amygdala volumes in newborns and young children, especially in males [89, 90].”
From Brain structural and functional outcomes in the offspring of women experiencing psychological distress during pregnancy (2024) · cites this paper as [89]
The Discussion (page not provided) reports a negative association between combined prenatal psychological distress symptoms and amygdalar volume in newborn males, and cites a finding of smaller left amygdalar volumes in four-year-old males exposed to greater pregnancy-related anxiety. It does not establish the same negative association for depressive symptoms considered separately; the Introduction instead reports larger amygdalar volumes in some groups associated with those symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Wu, Y., De Asis-Cruz, J., & Limperopoulos, C. (2024) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-024-02449-0 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“On the contrary, prenatal maternal psychological problems and depressive symptoms are negatively associated with amygdala volumes in newborns and young children, especially in males [89, 90].”
BackgroundHashempour, N., Tuulari, J. J., Merisaari, H., Acosta, H., Lewis, J. D., Pelto, J., Scheinin, N. M., Fonov, V. S., Collins, D. L., Lehtola, S. J., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15989 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationAcosta, H., Kantojärvi, K., Tuulari, J. J., Lewis, J. D., Hashempour, N., Scheinin, N. M., Lehtola, S. J., Nolvi, S., Fonov, V. S., Collins, D. L., et al. (2024) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579423000275 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Lehtola, S. J., Tuulari, J. J., Scheinin, N. M., Karlsson, L., Parkkola, R., Merisaari, H., Lewis, J. D., Fonov, V. S., Louis Collins, D., Evans, A., Saunavaara, J., Hashempour, N., Lähdesmäki, T., Acosta, H., & Karlsson, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Turku (FI)
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital (CA)
- Turku University Hospital (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Lehtola, Satu J.
- ORCID
- Venue
- NeuroImage: Clinical
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 28
- Pages
- 102380
- ISSN
- 2213-1582 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7453059
- OpenAlex
- W3048638676
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage Clinical (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UTUPub (University of Turku) (submittedVersion)
- UTUPub (University of Turku) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
- Compute Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Alfred Kordelinin Säätiö
- Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö
- Suomen Akatemia (308176, 134950, 264363, 253270, ANRP-MIRI13-3388)
- Emil Aaltosen Säätiö
- Maire Taposen Säätiö
- Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö
- Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin Säätiö
- Fondation Brain Canada
- Juho Vainion Säätiö
- Lastentautien Tutkimussäätiö
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- prenatal stress, hippocampus, sex differences, fetal brain development, prenatal anxiety, postpartum depression
- MeSH terms
- Psychological Distress, Amygdala, Anxiety, Child, Depression, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Stress, Psychological
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