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Self-medication with alcohol or drugs for mood and anxiety disorders: A narrative review of the epidemiological literature
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders (MD and AD) with substance use disorders (SUD) is common. One explanation for this comorbidity is the self-medication hypothesis, which posits that individuals with MD or AD use substances to cope with the difficult symptoms associated with the disorder. Over time, self-medication (SM) can develop into an independent SUD. This narrative review will present the prevalence and correlates of SM with alcohol and/or drugs for MD and AD and the relationship between SM and subsequent SUD using both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological data. METHODS: Scopus and PsycINFO were searched from January 1997 to April 2018 to identify original research articles that examined the prevalence and correlates of SM and the temporal relationship between MD/AD and SUD in the general population (n = 22). RESULTS: The prevalence of SM with alcohol and/or drugs among those with MD or AD ranged from 21.9% to 24.1%. Male sex, younger age, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being Caucasian were characteristics associated with higher proportions of respondents endorsing SM with alcohol/drugs for MD and AD. Longitudinal data supports the temporal onset of primary MD/AD and secondary SUD among those who self-report SM. CONCLUSION: Providing and promoting alternate coping strategies for those with MD/AD may reduce SM, the development of SUD, and the comorbidity of MD/AD with SUD. The concurrent treatment of MD/AD and substance use is the current "gold standard" model of care, and the results of this review support its use.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Turner, S., Mota, N., Bolton, J., & Sareen, J.
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-07-12
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 851-860
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2849064358
- Cited by
- 432
- References
- 53
- FWCI
- 5.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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