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Cited by 163Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentInfant Health and Development

Cardiac vagal tone: Stability and relation to difficultness in infants and 3‐year‐Olds

Porges, Stephen W., Doussard‐Roosevelt, Jane A., Lourdes Portales, A., Suess, Patricia E.·1994·Developmental Psychobiology
DOI 10.1002/dev.420270504
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Abstract

Psychophysiological studies of infants have found a relation between behavioral reactivity and indices of autonomic state. The relation between behavioral reactivity, assessed via maternal report, and autonomic state, assessed via cardiac vagal tone in 9-month-old infants was examined. Cardiac vagal tone was quantified by measuring the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia. High cardiac vagal tone was associated with greater behavioral reactivity, resulting in maternal reports of more difficult temperament. Stability of the two measures, cardiac vagal tone and difficult temperament, from 9 months to 3 years of age was demonstrated. In addition, 9-month cardiac vagal tone, independent of 9-month temperament, was related to 3-year difficultness with higher 9-month cardiac vagal tone being related to less-difficult 3-year behavior.

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Crossref · 10.1002/dev.420270504

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  • A normative developmental shift appears to occur for infants with high basal RSA who, as toddlers, have been found to be higher in sociability and positive affect.

    “However, a normative developmental shift appears to occur for infants with high basal RSA who, as toddlers, have been found to be higher in sociability and positive affect (Porges et al., 1994).”

    From Mother-infant vagal regulation in the face-to-face still-face paradigm is moderated by maternal sensitivity (2009) · cites this paper as Porges et al., 1994

  • Higher basal RSA in early infancy has been found to be associated with higher reactivity, expressivity, and difficult temperament.

    “The findings could relate to evidence that higher basal RSA in early infancy has been found to be associated with higher reactivity, expressivity, and difficult temperament (Porges et al., 1994;Stifter & Fox, 1990;Stifter, Fox, & Porges, 1989).”

    From Mother-infant vagal regulation in the face-to-face still-face paradigm is moderated by maternal sensitivity (2009) · cites this paper as Porges et al., 1994

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Authors
Porges, S. W., Doussard‐Roosevelt, J. A., Lourdes Portales, A., & Suess, P. E.
Affiliations
University of Maryland, College Park (US)
Corresponding author
Porges, Stephen W.
ORCID
Porges, Stephen W.
Venue
Developmental Psychobiology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1994-07
Volume
27
Issue
5
Pages
289-300
ISSN
  • 0012-1630 (ISSN-L)
  • 1098-2302
DOI
10.1002/dev.420270504
OpenAlex
W2050991513
Cited by
162
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
FWCI
2.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 3757 d)
Locations
  • Developmental Psychobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (MCH 240622)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 22628, R01HD022628)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
Keywords
cardiac vagal tone, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, difficult temperament, behavioral reactivity, infant temperament, temperament stability, maternal report, early childhood development
MeSH terms
Arousal, Child, Preschool, Female, Heart, Heart Rate, Humans, Individuality, Infant, Male, Personality Assessment, Temperament, Vagus Nerve, Infant Behavior

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