Past, present and future of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

Variant of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene confers risk of type 2 diabetes

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The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes

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Defining criteria for autoimmune diseases (Witebsky's postulates revisited)

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UKPDS 25: autoantibodies to islet-cell cytoplasm and glutamic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes

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Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes

Rewers, M., & Ludvigsson, J. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)30507-4 · Cited by 676 · see citing works

The many faces of diabetes: a disease with increasing heterogeneity

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Antibodies to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Reveal Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Mellitus in Adults With a Non—Insulin-Dependent Onset of Disease

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Clinical and genetic characteristics of type 2 diabetes with and without GAD antibodies.

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Effects of sotagliflozin added to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes

Garg, S. K., Henry, R. R., Banks, P., Buse, J. B., Davies, M. J., Fulcher, G. R., Pozzilli, P., Gesty-Palmer, D., Lapuerta, P., Simó, R., et al. (2017) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1708337 · Cited by 417 · see citing works

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) should be less latent

Fourlanos, S., Dotta, F., Greenbaum, C. J., Palmer, J. P., Rolandsson, O., Colman, P. G., & Harrison, L. C. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1960-7 · Cited by 403 · see citing works

Genetic Liability of Type 1 Diabetes and the Onset Age Among 22,650 Young Finnish Twin Pairs

Harjutsalo, V., Kaprio, J. A., Kinnunen, L., Koskenvuo, M. J., & Tuomilehto, J. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.4.1052 · Cited by 392 · see citing works

Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Metabolic Syndrome Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Individuals

Lu, L., Yu, Z., Pan, A., Hu, F. B., Franco, O. H., Li, H., Li, X., Yang, X., Chen, Y., & Lin, X. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0209 · Cited by 359 · see citing works

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

George, P., Pearson, E. R., & Witham, M. D. (2012) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03672.x · Cited by 357 · see citing works

Identification of Type 1 Diabetes–Associated DNA Methylation Variable Positions That Precede Disease Diagnosis

Rakyan, V. K., Beyan, H., Down, T. A., Hawa, M. I., Maslau, S., Aden, D., Daunay, A., Busato, F., Mein, C. A., Manfras, B. J., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002300 · Cited by 343 · see citing works

Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes in Europe Is Prevalent With a Broad Clinical Phenotype

Hawa, M. I., Kolb, H., Schloot, N., Beyan, H., Paschou, S. A., Buzzetti, R., Mauricio, D., De Leiva, A., Yderstraede, K., Beck-Neilsen, H., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0931 · Cited by 339 · see citing works

Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitor Treatment Stimulates β-Cell Survival and Islet Neogenesis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Pospisilik, J. A., Martin, J., Doty, T., Ehses, J. A., Pamir, N., Lynn, F. C., Piteau, S., Demuth, H.-U., McIntosh, C. H. S., & Pederson, R. A. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.3.741 · Cited by 332 · see citing works

Differential Insulitic Profiles Determine the Extent of β-Cell Destruction and the Age at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes

Leete, P., O’Connell, A., Krogvold, L., Dahl‐Jørgensen, K., Foulis, A. K., Richardson, S. J., & Morgan, N. G. (2016) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-1615 · Cited by 330 · see citing works

The Pathogenesis and Natural History of Type 1 DiabetesPreprint

Atkinson, M. A. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a007641 · Cited by 318 · see citing works

A Type I Interferon Transcriptional Signature Precedes Autoimmunity in Children Genetically at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

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Low 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study and Metaanalysis

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Islet Cell Antibodies Identify Latent Type I Diabetes in Patients Aged 35–75 Years at Diagnosis

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Age-dependent HLA genetic heterogeneity of type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

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Lower levels of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D among young adults at diagnosis of autoimmune type 1 diabetes compared with control subjects: results from the nationwide Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS)

Littorin, B., Blom, P. J. J., Schölin, A., Arnqvist, H. J., Blohmé, G., Bolinder, J., Ekbom-Schnell, A., Eriksson, J. W., Guðbjörnsdóttir, S., Nyström, L., et al. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0426-x · Cited by 276 · see citing works

Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: current knowledge and implications for management

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Isolation and preservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for analysis of islet antigen-reactive T cell responses: position statement of the T-Cell Workshop Committee of the Immunology of Diabetes Society

Mallone, R., Mannering, S. I., Brooks‐Worrell, B., Durinovic‐Belló, I., Cilio, C., Wong, F. S., & Schloot, N. C. (2010) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04272.x · Cited by 261 · see citing works

Efficacy and Safety of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 1 Diabetes (the DEPICT-2 Study): 24-Week Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Mathieu, C., Dandona, P., Gillard, P., Senior, P., Hasslacher, C., Araki, E., Lind, M., Bain, S. C., Jabbour, S., Arya, N., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-0623 · Cited by 252 · see citing works

Frequency, Immunogenetics, and Clinical Characteristics of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in China (LADA China Study)

Zhou, Z., Xiang, Y., Ji, L., Jia, W., Ning, G., Huang, G., Yang, L., Lin, J., Liu, Z., Hagopian, W. A., et al. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-0207 · Cited by 251 · see citing works

Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin in patients with inadequately controlled type 1 diabetes: the DEPICT-1 52-week study

Dandona, P., Mathieu, C., Phillip, M., Hansen, L., Tschöpe, D., Thorén, F., Xu, J., Langkilde, A. M., DEPICT-1 Investigators, Proietto, J., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1087 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

High Titer of Autoantibodies to GAD Identifies a Specific Phenotype of Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes

Buzzetti, R., Di Pietro, S., Giaccari, A., Petrone, A., Locatelli, M., Suraci, C., Capizzi, M., Arpi, M. L., Bazzigaluppi, E., Dotta, F., et al. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1696 · Cited by 242 · see citing works

Genetic Similarities Between Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults, Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes

Cervin, C., Lyssenko, V., Bakhtadze, E., Lindholm, E., Nilsson, P. M., Tuomilehto, J., Cilio, C., & Groop, L. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-0299 · Cited by 231 · see citing works

Genetic effects on age-dependent onset and islet cell autoantibody markers in type 1 diabetes

Graham, J., Hagopian, W. A., Kockum, I., Li, L. S., Sanjeevi, C. B., Lowe, R. M., Schaefer, J. B., Zarghami, M., Day, H. L., Landin-Olsson, M., et al. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.5.1346 · Cited by 230 · see citing works

Clinical evidence for the safety of GAD65 immunomodulation in adult-onset autoimmune diabetes

Agardh, C.-D., Cilio, C. M., Lethagen, Å., Lynch, K., Leslie, R. D. G., Palmér, M., Harris, R. A., Robertson, J. A., & Lernmark, Å. (2005) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2004.12.003 · Cited by 226 · see citing works

Sotagliflozin, a Dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 Inhibitor, as Adjunct Therapy to Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes

Sands, A., Zambrowicz, B., Rosenstock, J., Lapuerta, P., Bode, B. W., Garg, S. K., Buse, J. B., Banks, P. L., Heptulla, R. A., Rendell, M., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-2806 · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: The quest for an elusive lesion

In't Veld, P. (2011) · Islets · doi:10.4161/isl.3.4.15728 · Cited by 216 · see citing works

Simultaneous Detection of Circulating Autoreactive CD8+ T-Cells Specific for Different Islet Cell–Associated Epitopes Using Combinatorial MHC Multimers

Velthuis, J. H. L., Unger, W. W. J., Abreu, J. R. F., Duinkerken, G., Franken, K. L. M. C., Peakman, M., Bakker, A., Hadrup, S. R., Keymeulen, B., Drijfhout, J. W., et al. (2010) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-1486 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Phenotypic Characteristics of GAD Antibody-Positive Recently Diagnosed Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in North America and Europe

Zinman, B., Kahn, S. E., Haffner, S. M., O’Neill, M., Heise, M. A., Freed, M. I., & ADOPT Study Group* (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.12.3193 · Cited by 198 · see citing works

DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in humans

Davegårdh, C., García-Calzón, S., Bacos, K., & Ling, C. (2018) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.022 · Cited by 194 · see citing works

Islet-Derived CD4 T Cells Targeting Proinsulin in Human Autoimmune Diabetes

Michels, A. W., Landry, L. G., McDaniel, K. A., Yu, L., Campbell‐Thompson, M., Kwok, W. W., Jones, K. L., Gottlieb, P. A., Kappler, J. W., Tang, Q., et al. (2016) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-1025 · Cited by 192 · see citing works

Autoreactive CD4+ T Cells Protect from Autoimmune Diabetes via Bystander Suppression Using the IL-4/Stat6 Pathway

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Markers of β-Cell Failure Predict Poor Glycemic Response to GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes

Jones, A. G., McDonald, T. J., Shields, B. M., Hill, A. V., Hyde, C., Knight, B., & Hattersley, A. T. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0258 · Cited by 181 · see citing works

CLINICAL AND PATHOGENIC SIGNIFICANCE OF PANCREATIC-ISLET-CELL ANTIBODIES IN DIABETICS TREATED WITH ORAL HYPOGLYCÆMIC AGENTS

Irvine, W. J., Gray, R. S., McCallum, C. J., & Duncan, L. J. P. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91258-2 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Increased DNA methylation variability in type 1 diabetes across three immune effector cell types

Paul, D. S., Teschendorff, A. E., Dang, M. N., Lowe, R., Hawa, M. I., Ecker, S., Beyan, H., Cunningham, S. L., Fouts, A., Ramelius, A., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms13555 · Cited by 170 · see citing works

A 12-Year Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Islet Antibodies and β-Cell Function At and After the Diagnosis in Patients With Adult-Onset Diabetes

Borg, H., Gottsäter, A., Fernlund, P., & Sundkvist, G. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1754 · Cited by 168 · see citing works

Similar Genetic Features and Different Islet Cell Autoantibody Pattern of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) Compared With Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes With Rapid Progression

Hosszúfalusi, N., Vatay, Á., Rajczy, K., Prohászka, Z., Pozsonyi, É., Horváth, L., Grósz, A., Gerő, L., Madácsy, L., Romics, L., et al. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.2.452 · Cited by 154 · see citing works

Associated autoimmune diseases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

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DNA methylation profiles in type 1 diabetes twins point to strong epigenetic effects on etiology

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Insulin Intervention in Slowly Progressive Insulin-Dependent (Type 1) Diabetes Mellitus

Maruyama, T., Tanaka, S. A., Shimada, A., Funae, O., Kasuga, A., Kanatsuka, A., Takei, I., Yamada, S., Harii, N., Shimura, H., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2267 · Cited by 147 · see citing works

Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: One End of the Rainbow

Leslie, R. D. G., Williams, R., & Pozzilli, P. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-1623 · Cited by 142 · see citing works

Metabolic Syndrome and Autoimmune Diabetes: Action LADA 3

Hawa, M. I., Thivolet, C. H., Mauricio, D., Alemanno, I., Cipponeri, E., Collier, D., Hunter, S. J., Buzzetti, R., de Leiva, A., Pozzilli, P., et al. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1419 · Cited by 137 · see citing works

First Genome-Wide Association Study of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Reveals Novel Insights Linking Immune and Metabolic Diabetes

Cousminer, D. L., Ahlqvist, E., Mishra, R., Andersen, M. K., Chesi, A., Hawa, M. I., Davis, A. K., Hodge, K. M., Bradfield, J. P., Zhou, K., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc18-1032 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

Effect of sitagliptin on glucose control in adult patients with Type 1 diabetes: a pilot, double-blind, randomized, crossover trial

Ellis, S. L., Moser, E. G., Snell‐Bergeon, J. K., Rodionova, A. S., Hazenfield, R. M., & Garg, S. K. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03331.x · Cited by 134 · see citing works

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Maintains β-Cell Function in Patients With Recent-Onset Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: One Year Prospective Study

Zhao, Y., Yang, L., Xiang, Y., Liu, L., Huang, G., Long, Z., Li, X., Leslie, R. D., Wang, X., & Zhou, Z. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-3633 · Cited by 132 · see citing works

Insulitis in human type 1 diabetes: a comparison between patients and animal models

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Immune modulation in humans: implications for type 1 diabetes mellitus

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Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in diabetic patients from a multi‐ethnic Australian community: the Fremantle Diabetes Study

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Low levels of vitamin D in North Indian children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes

Borkar, V., Verma, S., & Bhalla, A. (2009) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00589.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Clinical, Autoimmune, and Genetic Characteristics of Adult-Onset Diabetic Patients With GAD Autoantibodies in Japan (Ehime Study)

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High Familial Risk and Genetic Susceptibility in Early Onset Childhood Diabetes

Gillespie, K. M., Gale, E. A., & Bingley, P. J. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.1.210 · Cited by 126 · see citing works

Protective effects of 1‐α‐hydroxyvitamin D3 on residual β‐cell function in patients with adult‐onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA)

Li, X., Liao, L., Yan, X., Huang, G., Lin, J., Lei, M., Wang, X., & Zhou, Z. (2009) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.977 · Cited by 125 · see citing works

The Role of Dendritic Cell Maturation in the Induction of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Mbongue, J. C., Nieves, H. A., Torrez, T. W., & Langridge, W. H. R. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00327 · Cited by 123 · see citing works

Islet autoantibodies in clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes: prevalence and relationship with metabolic control (UKPDS 70)

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Chronic complications in patients with slowly progressing autoimmune type 1 diabetes (LADA).

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Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (SUNNY Trial): A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial

Krul-Poel, Y. H. M., Westra, S., ten Boekel, E., ter Wee, M. M., van Schoor, N. M., van Wijland, H., Stam, F., Lips, P. T. A. M., & Şimşek, S. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-0323 · Cited by 113 · see citing works

Increased risk for endocrine autoimmunity in Italian type 2 diabetic patients with GAD65 autoantibodies

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β-Cell Function in Relation to Islet Cell Antibodies During the First 3 Yr After Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetes in Type II Diabetic Patients

Gottsäter, A., Landin‐Olsson, M., Fernlund, P., Lernmark, Å., & Sundkvist, G. (1993) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.16.6.902 · Cited by 107 · see citing works

Beyond Genetics: What Causes Type 1 Diabetes

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Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibition With MK0431 Improves Islet Graft Survival in Diabetic NOD Mice Partially via T-Cell Modulation

Kim, S., Nian, C., Doudet, D. J., & McIntosh, C. H. S. (2008) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1101 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Current Status and New Horizons

Pozzilli, P., & Pieralice, S. (2018) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2018.33.2.147 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

Heterogeneity of Patients With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Linkage to Autoimmunity Is Apparent Only in Those With Perceived Need for Insulin Treatment

Radtke, M., Midthjell, K., Nilsen, T. I. L., & Grill, V. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1468 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Altered Peripheral B-Lymphocyte Subsets in Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

Deng, C., Xiang, Y., Tan, T., Ren, Z., Cao, C., Huang, G., Li, W., & Zhou, Z. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1765 · Cited by 105 · see citing works

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients: Action LADA 4

Action LADA Study Group, Pham, M. N., Hawa, M. I., Pfleger, C., Roden, M., Schernthaner, G., Pozzilli, P., Buzzetti, R., Scherbaum, W. A., Seißler, J., et al. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2088-6 · Cited by 104 · see citing works

Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults

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Vitamin D and diabetes mellitus: Causal or casual association?

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GAD65 Autoantibodies Detected by Electrochemiluminescence Assay Identify High Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

Miao, D., Guyer, K. M., Dong, F., Jiang, L., Steck, A. K., Rewers, M., Eisenbarth, G. S., & Yu, L. (2013) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0534 · Cited by 97 · see citing works

The diagnostic value of zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) for type 1 diabetes in Chinese

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Insulin secretion in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA): half way between type 1 and type 2 diabetes: action LADA 9

Hernández, M., Molló, À., Marsal, J. R., Esquerda, A., Capel, I., Puig‐Domingo, M., Pozzilli, P., de Leiva, A., & Mauricio, D. (2015) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6823-15-1 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

Vitamin D and Diabetes Mellitus

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Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults in the United Arab Emirates: Clinical Features and Factors Related to Insulin-Requirement

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Combination therapy with sitagliptin and lansoprazole in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (REPAIR-T1D): 12-month results of a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial

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Dependence of Antigen Expression on Functional State of β-Cells

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Type 1 diabetes induction in humanized mice

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Validity and Reproducibility of Measurement of Islet Autoreactivity by T-Cell Assays in Subjects With Early Type 1 Diabetes

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GAD65 vaccination: 5 years of follow-up in a randomised dose-escalating study in adult-onset autoimmune diabetes

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Equivalent insulin resistance in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetic patients

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GAD Autoantibody Affinity and Epitope Specificity Identify Distinct Immunization Profiles in Children at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes

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Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults With Low-Titer GAD Antibodies: Similar Disease Progression With Type 2 Diabetes

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Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Differs Genetically From Classical Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosed After the Age of 35 Years

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Cellular immune responses to human islet proteins in antibody-positive type 2 diabetic patients.

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Analysis of T-Cell Assays to Measure Autoimmune Responses in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes

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Genetic Heterogeneity in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Is Linked to Various Degrees of Autoimmune Activity

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Type 1 1/2 Diabetes: Myth or Reality?

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An association analysis of the HLA gene region in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

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Relative contribution of type 1 and type 2 diabetes loci to the genetic etiology of adult-onset, non-insulin-requiring autoimmune diabetes

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Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Patients with Slowly Progressing Autoimmune Diabetes (LADA)1

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Identification of Autoantibody-Negative Autoimmune Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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C-Peptide Levels in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Treated With Linagliptin Versus Glimepiride: Exploratory Results From a 2-Year Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Study

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The Effects of Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 Inhibitor, on Pancreatic β-Cell Mass and Glucose Homeostasis in Type 1 Diabetes

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GADA Titer-Related Risk for Organ-Specific Autoimmunity in LADA Subjects Subdivided according to Gender (NIRAD Study 6)

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LADA and CARDS: A Prospective Study of Clinical Outcome in Established Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes

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Combination immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes mellitus

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Number of autoantibodies and HLA genotype, more than high titers of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, predict insulin dependence in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults

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High GADA titer increases the risk of insulin requirement in LADA patients: a 7-year follow-up (NIRAD study 7)

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Time to Insulin Initiation Cannot Be Used in Defining Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

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Autoantibody Recognition of COOH-Terminal Epitopes of GAD65 Marks the Risk for Insulin Requirement in Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus1

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HLA Genetic Discrepancy Between Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Type 1 Diabetes: LADA China Study No. 6.

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Islet inflammation in human type 1 diabetes mellitus

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Rosiglitazone combined with insulin preserves islet ? cell function in adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA)

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High titre of antiglutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody is a strong predictor of the development of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

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Distinct Monocyte Gene-Expression Profiles in Autoimmune Diabetes

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Time dynamics of autoantibodies are coupled to phenotypes and add to the heterogeneity of autoimmune diabetes in adults: the HUNT study, Norway

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Type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene variants predispose to adult-onset autoimmune diabetes

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Distinct neutrophil counts and functions in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, and type 2 diabetes

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β-cell function and metabolic control in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults with early insulin versus conventional treatment: a 3-year follow-up

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Dulaglutide treatment results in effective glycaemic control in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA): A post‐hoc analysis of the AWARD‐2, ‐4 and ‐5 Trials

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Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is perched between type 1 and type 2: evidence from adults in one region of Spain

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Abnormal DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells from people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

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Rosiglitazone preserves islet β-cell function of adult-onset latent autoimmune diabetes in 3 years follow-up study

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The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) Is Associated With High GAD Antibody Titer in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults

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Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Insulin and Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies Improve Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes Risk

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The New insights from DPP‐4 inhibitors: their potential immune modulatory function in autoimmune diabetes

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T-cell insulitis found in anti-GAD65+ diabetes with residual beta-cell function. A case report.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults in Tianjin, China

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Insulin and Glucagon Secretion in Patients with Slowly Progressing Autoimmune Diabetes (LADA)

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Saxagliptin improves glycaemic control and C‐peptide secretion in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)

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Identification of Tyrosine Phosphatase 2(256–760) Construct as a New, Sensitive Marker for the Detection of Islet Autoimmunity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is dead: long live autoimmune diabetes!

Rolandsson, O., & Palmer, J. P. (2010) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-010-1713-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works

Can the Genetics of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Shed Light on the Genetics of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults?

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T-Cell Responses to Islet Antigens Improves Detection of Autoimmune Diabetes and Identifies Patients With More Severe β-Cell Lesions in Phenotypic Type 2 Diabetes

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Autoantibody Recognition of COOH-Terminal Epitopes of GAD65 Marks the Risk for Insulin Requirement in Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus

Falorni, A. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.1.309 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Thiazolidinediones for the prevention of diabetes in the non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse: implications for human type 1 diabetes

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Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody, IA-2 antibody, and fasting C-peptide levels predict beta cell failure in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)—A 5-year follow-up of the Ehime study

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Sweetened beverage intake and risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes

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GLP-1R agonist therapy for diabetes: benefits and potential risks

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Association of TCF7L2 gene variants with low GAD autoantibody titre in LADA subjects (NIRAD Study 5)

Zampetti, S., Spoletini, M., Petrone, A., Capizzi, M., Arpi, M. L., Tiberti, C., Pietro, S. D., Bosi, E., Pozzilli, P., Giorgino, F., et al. (2010) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02997.x · Cited by 55 · see citing works

GAD autoantibodies and epitope reactivities persist after diagnosis in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults but do not predict disease progression: UKPDS 77

Desai, M., Cull, C. A., Horton, V. A., Christie, M. R., Bonifacio, E. E., Lampasona, V., Bingley, P. J., Lévy, J., Mackay, I. R., Zimmet, P., et al. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0745-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Possible Long-Term Efficacy of Sitagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, for Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes (SPIDDM) in the Stage of Non-Insulin-Dependency: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (SPAN-S)

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Heterogeneity of Altered Cytokine Levels Across the Clinical Spectrum of Diabetes in China

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Altered natural killer (NK) cell frequency and phenotype in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) prior to insulin deficiency

Åkesson, C. P., Uvebrant, K., Oderup, C., Lynch, K. F., Harris, R. A., Lernmark, Å., Agardh, C. –., & Cilio, C. (2010) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04114.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works

Autoantibodies to N-terminally truncated GAD improve clinical phenotyping of individuals with adult-onset diabetes: Action LADA 12

Achenbach, P., Hawa, M. I., Krause, S., Lampasona, V., Jerram, S. T., Williams, A. J. K., Bonifacio, E. E., Ziegler, A. G., & Leslie, R. D. G. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4605-3 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

Worse glycaemic control in LADA patients than in those with type 2 diabetes, despite a longer time on insulin therapy

Andersen, C. D., Bennet, L., Nyström, L., Lindblad, U., Lindholm, E., Groop, L., & Rolandsson, O. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2759-y · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 are related to age and metabolic state in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune diabetes

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Detection of antibodies directed to the N-terminal region of GAD is dependent on assay format and contributes to differences in the specificity of GAD autoantibody assays for type 1 diabetes

Williams, A. J. K., Lampasona, V., Schlosser, M., Mueller, P. W., Pittman, D. L., Winter, W. E., Akolkar, B., Wyatt, R., Brigatti, C., Krause, S., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db14-1693 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

GLP-1 signalling compensates for impaired insulin signalling in regulating beta cell proliferation in βIRKO mice

Kawamori, D., Shirakawa, J., Liew, C. W., Hu, J., Morioka, T., Duttaroy, A., Burkey, B. F., & Kulkarni, R. (2017) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-017-4303-6 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

Gliadin, endomysial and thyroid antibodies in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA)

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Impact of Islet Autoimmunity on the Progressive β-Cell Functional Decline in Type 2 Diabetes

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Increased serum concentrations of adhesion molecules but not of chemokines in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with patients with Type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adult age: Action LADA 5

Pham, M. N., Hawa, M. I., Roden, M., Schernthaner, G., Pozzilli, P., Buzzetti, R., Scherbaum, W. A., Seißler, J., Hunter, S. J., Leslie, R. D., et al. (2011) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03546.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Detection of Insulitis by Pancreatic Scintigraphy With 99mTc-Labeled IL-2 and MRI in Patients With LADA (Action LADA 10)

Signore, A., Capriotti, G., Chianelli, M., Bonanno, E., Galli, F., Catalano, C., Quintero, A., Toma, G. D., Manfrini, S., Pozzilli, P., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-0580 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

GLP-1/Exendin-4 induces β-cell proliferation via the epidermal growth factor receptor

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Effect of Prophylactic Insulin Treatment on the Number of ER-MP23+Macrophages in the Pancreas of NOD Mice. Is the Prevention of Diabetes Based on β-cell Rest?

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Low-grade Inflammatory Marker Profile May Help to Differentiate Patients With LADA, Classic Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes, and Type 2 Diabetes

Castelblanco, E., Hernández, M., Castelblanco, A., Gratacòs, M., Esquerda, A., Molló, À., Ramírez‐Morros, A., Real, J., Franch‐Nadal, J., Fernández‐Real, J. M., et al. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-1662 · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies are dominant but insufficient to identify most Chinese with adult-onset non-insulin requiring autoimmune diabetes: LADA China study 5

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GAD65 Antibody Epitope Patterns of Type 1.5 Diabetic Patients Are Consistent With Slow-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes

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Lifestyle or Environmental Influences and Their Interaction With Genetic Susceptibility on the Risk of LADA

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GAD65 Antibody Epitopes and Genetic Background in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Youth (LADY)

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The Association of CTLA-4 rs231775 and rs3087243 Polymorphisms with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Meta-Analysis

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Incidence and Risk Factors of Hypogonadism in Male Patients With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes and Classic Type 2 Diabetes

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Comparing the bone mineral density among male patients with latent autoimmune diabetes and classical type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and exploring risk factors for osteoporosis

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Exploring Immune Therapies in a Twin Case of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults and Generalized Granuloma Annulare

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Predicting carotid atherosclerosis in latent autoimmune diabetes in adult patients using machine learning models: a retrospective study

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Diabetes Mellitus: Classification, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, Diagnostic Criteria and Advances in Management.

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Prevalence and Metabolic Profile of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults LADA in Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in South India

Niveatha, S., Raju, A., Revathy, G., & Pugulendi, S. (2025) · Journal of Diabetology · doi:10.4103/jod.jod_46_25 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Latent autoimmune diabetes in youth: characteristics of the metabolic endotype and anthropometric markers for differential diagnosis

Tsaryk, I., Pashkovska, N. V., & Pankiv, V. І. (2026) · CHILD`S HEALTH · doi:10.22141/2224-0551.21.4.2026.1959 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

An Ensemble Neural Model for Classification of LADA Diabetes Case, Control and Variable Importance

Miller, A., Panneerselvam, J., Liu, L., & Antonopoulos, N. (2022) · IEEE/ACM International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC) · doi:10.1109/ucc56403.2022.00041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Errors in Diagnosing Types of Diabetes in Young Adult Patients – Constantly Valid Topic

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CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VERIFICATION OF LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN ADULTS AT EARLY STAGES OF DISEASE MANIFESTATION

Tykhonova, T. M., Belozorov, I. V., Barabash, N., & Martymianova, L. (2021) · Wiadomości Lekarskie · doi:10.36740/wlek202107126

Recent information on test utilization and intraindividual change in anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in Korea: a retrospective study

Choi, R., Park, W., Chun, G., Lee, J., Lee, S. G., & Lee, E. H. (2022) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002739

Perfil clínico metabólico en la diabetes autoinmune latente del adulto: consideraciones desde la atención primaria

Alcívar, A. B. A., & de Corcho, O. J. P. (2022) · Anatomía Digital · doi:10.33262/anatomiadigital.v5i4.2361

Exploring the Landscape of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes and Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young in Africa: A Scoping Review

Ombui, D., & Khalid, A. M. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.133995.1

O uso dos inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase tipo 4 na preservação de células β pancreática através da dosagem de peptídeo C em pacientes com diabetes autoimune latente do adulto

Maluf, J. F. M., Guimarães, M. F., & Calestini, G. L. D. S. (2024) · Revista Remecs - Revista Multidisciplinar de Estudos Científicos em Saúde · doi:10.24281/rremecs2024.9.15.138146

Against the Grain: Insulinoma-Associated Protein 2 Positive Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Defying Ethnic Prevalence Trends

Narasimhan, A., Deshpande, I., Kalluru, P. K. R., & Chan, K. (2025) · AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.aed.2025.12.017

Features of diagnostics and treatment of the patient with slowly evolving immune-mediated diabetes and multiple complications

Yaroslavceva, M. V., Kataeva, D. A., Galstyan, G. R., & Bondarenko, O. N. (2026) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm13383

A Rare Case of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Manifesting Postbariatric Surgery: Clinical Paradox Resulting in Delayed Diagnosis and Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Dhaigude, P., Neema, A., Shamsi, S., Sethi, D., John, S. J., Khetan, M., & Kalhan, S. (2025) · Journal of Bariatric Surgery · doi:10.4103/jbs.jbs_8_25

Latent autoimmune diabetes in Saudi adults aged 30-55 years old seen at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Aldrees, Y. A., Alzahrani, B. S., Alqahtani, B. A., AlOwais, M. M., Alhemiddi, A. A., Ismail, A. A., Almazariqah, N. T., Alotaibi, F. N., AlEleeq, M. A., Alnowais, R. A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2056_25

Latent autoimmune diabetes mellitus and its characteristics amongst adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes at a single diabetes center in Medina, Saudi Arabia

Alfadhli, E. M., Mohammedsaeed, W. M., Surrati, A. M. Q., Alharbi, M., Alharbi, M., & Alghamdi, Z. (2026) · Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/jrms.jrms_438_25

Identification of Different Age-at-Diagnosis-Based Endotypes and Clinical Phenotypes in a Cohort of Adult Patients Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes

Pinés-Corrales, P. J., López-García, M. C., Jiménez, L. M. L., Moya, A. J. M., Valverde, A. R. D. A., Vidal, M. J., Martínez, M. G., Delicado-Hernández, C., & Mangas-Mellado, P. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15124638

Diagnostic value of anthropometric and biochemical markers of adiposopathy in latent autoimmune diabetes in youth

Tsaryk, I., Pashkovska, N. V., & Pankiv, V. І. (2026) · CHILD`S HEALTH · doi:10.22141/2224-0551.21.6.2026.1973

Diabetes Mellitus: Review of the Common, Rare, and Uncommon (Conceptual and Metaphorical) Types

Pliszka, M., & Szablewski, L. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27219611

Understanding latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in routine practice: from misdiagnosis to precision care

Saraogi, H., & Khan, W. (2026) · International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries · doi:10.1007/s13410-026-01718-8

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: current data (review of literature and own data)

Pashkovska, N. V., & Tsaryk, I. (2024) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.20.3.2024.1384 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Recent progress on latent antoimmune diabetes in adults

Zhou, Y., & Dawang, W. (2008) · Intern J Endocrinol Metab · doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4157.2008.04.011

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: A distinct but heterogeneous clinical entity

Nambam, B. (2010) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v1.i4.111 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: diagnosis, treatment and clinical features

Tuychieva, S. (2024) · Eurasian Journal of Academic Research · doi:10.70413/ejar-v04-i11-s4407