Exercise modalities for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials
Abstract
AIMS: We aimed to determine the effects of different exercise modalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from their inception until July 2020 to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on exercise in adults with T2DM. Paired reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) framework. RESULTS: A total of 106 RCTs that enroled eight exercise modalities with 7438 patients were included. Six exercise modalities, except unsupervised aerobic/resistance exercise, significantly reduced glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), with mean differences (MDs) ranging from 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34-1.08) to 0.34 (95% CI: 0.17-0.52), low to high certainty, in comparison with no exercise. The evidence of low to moderate certainty showed that supervised aerobic/resistance exercise improved glycaemic control, body weight, blood pressure, and blood lipid profiles compared with no exercise. Flexibility exercise may be associated with glycaemic control (HbA1c: MD = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.34-1.08); fasting plasma glucose (MD = 1.48, 95% CI: 0.78-2.17), and weight loss (MD = 1.80, 95% CI: 0.85-2.75) compared with controls, but not blood pressure and lipid profiles. Balance exercise showed the largest benefit in improving total cholesterol (MD = 52.81, 95% CI: 28.47-77.16) and low certainty. We found no significant differences between exercises and the triacylglycerol (TG) level. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our network meta-analyses support the recommendation for exercise in patients with T2DM, especially supervised exercises. Limited evidence supports the benefits of flexibility and balance exercises. The effectiveness of exercise modalities for TG reduction remains unclear.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Physical activity is effective in reducing mortality, comorbidities, and clinical parameters such as HbA1c in people with diabetes.
“Physical activity has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality, comorbidities, and clinical parameters such as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) (6)(7)(8).”
From Optimal Dose and Type of Physical Activity to Improve Glycemic Control in People Diagnosed With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
Wan, X., Wang, W., Liu, J., & Tong, T. (2014) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-14-135 · Cited by 11,735 · cited 1× · see citing works
“If studies reported medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs), we used the median to impute the missing mean and calculated the SDs using the formula provided by Wan and colleagues.(25) We did not use a range to estimate SD as per Cochrane handbook recommendations.”
MethodHutton, B., Salanti, G., Caldwell, D. M., Chaimani, A., Schmid, C. H., Cameron, C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Straus, S., Thorlund, K., Jansen, J. P., et al. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-2385 · Cited by 8,269 · see citing works
Standards of medical care in diabetes—2013
American Diabetes Association (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-s011 · Cited by 4,369 · see citing works
Chatterjee, S., Khunti, K., & Davies, M. J. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30058-2 · Cited by 2,577 · see citing works
Graphical tools for network meta-analysis in STATA
Chaimani, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Mavridis, D., Spyridonos, P., & Salanti, G. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076654 · Cited by 2,473 · see citing works
Consistency and inconsistency in network meta-analysis: concepts and models for multi-arm studies
Higgins, J. P. T., Jackson, D., Barrett, J. K., Lu, G., Ades, A. E., & White, I. R. (2012) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1044 · Cited by 2,098 · see citing works
Authors Task Force Members, Rydén, L., Grant, P. J., Anker, S. D., Berne, C., Cosentino, F., Danchin, N., Deaton, C., Escaned, J., Hammes, H., et al. (2013) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht108 · Cited by 1,958 · see citing works
Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Fernhall, B., Regensteiner, J. G., Blissmer, B. J., Rubin, R. R., Chasan-Taber, L., Albright, A. L., & Braun, B. (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc10-9990 · Cited by 1,955 · see citing works
CINeMA: an approach for assessing confidence in the results of a network meta-analysis
Nikolakopoulou, A., Higgins, J. P. T., Papakonstantinou, T., Chaimani, A., Del Giovane, C., Egger, M., & Salanti, G. (2020) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003082 · Cited by 1,935 · see citing works
Ranking treatments in frequentist network meta-analysis works without resampling methods
Rücker, G., & Schwarzer, G. (2015) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-015-0060-8 · Cited by 1,732 · see citing works
Imputing missing standard deviations in meta-analyses can provide accurate results
Furukawa, T. A., Barbui, C., Cipriani, A., Brambilla, P., & Watanabe, N. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.06.006 · Cited by 1,568 · see citing works
Evaluating the quality of evidence from a network meta-analysis
Salanti, G., Del Giovane, C., Chaimani, A., Caldwell, D. M., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099682 · Cited by 1,402 · see citing works
White, I. R., Barrett, J. K., Jackson, D., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2012) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1045 · Cited by 1,114 · see citing works
Global guideline for type 2 diabetes
(2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.10.001 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Snowling, N. J., & Hopkins, W. G. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-1317 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Network meta‐analysis, electrical networks and graph theory
Rücker, G. (2012) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1058 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
Rydén, L., Grant, P. J., Anker, S. D., Berne, C., Cosentino, F., Danchin, N., Deaton, C., Escaned, J., Hammes, H., Huikuri, H., et al. (2014) · Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rec.2013.10.013 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
(2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181eeb61c · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Pan, B., Ge, L., Xun, Y.-Q., Chen, Y.-J., Gao, C.-Y., Han, X., Zuo, L.-Q., Shan, H.-Q., Yang, K.-H., Ding, G.-W., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0703-3 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
A graphical tool for locating inconsistency in network meta-analyses
Krahn, U., Binder, H., & König, J. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-35 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Yang, Z., Scott, C. A., Mao, C., Tang, J., & Farmer, A. J. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0128-8 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Lebrun, C. M. (2011) · Yearbook of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.yspm.2011.03.038 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Schwingshackl, L., Missbach, B., Dias, S., König, J., & Hoffmann, G. (2014) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-014-3303-z · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Diabetes
Sigal, R. J., Armstrong, M. J., Bacon, S., Boulé, N. G., Dasgupta, K., Kenny, G. P., & Riddell, M. C. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.008 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials: principles and pitfalls
da Costa, B. R., & Jüni, P. (2014) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu424 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Umpierre, D., Ribeiro, P. A. B., Schaan, B. D., & Ribeiro, J. P. (2012) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2774-z · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Rücker, G., & Schwarzer, G. (2014) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6236 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Misra, A., Alappan, N. K., Vikram, N. K., Goel, K., Gupta, N., Mittal, K., Bhatt, S., & Luthra, K. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-2316 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Winding, K. M., Munch, G. W., Iepsen, U. W., van Hall, G., Pedersen, B. K., & Mortensen, S. P. (2017) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.13198 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Resistance Training Improves Glycaemic Control in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Men
Baldi, J. C., & Snowling, N. J. (2003) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-2003-41173 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Mendes, R., Sousa, N., Almeida, A., Subtil, P., Guedes-Marques, F., Reis, V. M., & Themudo-Barata, J. L. (2015) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-094895 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Vijan, S. S. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/aitc201503030 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The effects of yoga among adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Thind, H. K., Lantini, R., Balletto, B. L., Donahue, M. L., Salmoirago‐Blotcher, E., Bock, B. C., & Scott‐Sheldon, L. A. J. (2017) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.08.017 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Kravitz, R. L., Helms, L. J., Azari, R. S., Antonius, D., & Melnikow, J. A. (2000) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200007000-00005 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Effects of yoga in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
Cui, J., Yan, J., Yan, L., Pan, L., Le, J., & Guo, Y. (2017) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.12548 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Effect of exercise on the quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Cai, H., Li, G., Zhang, P., Xu, D., & Chen, L. (2016) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-016-1481-5 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Banitalebi, E., Kazemi, A., Faramarzi, M., Nasiri, S., & Haghighi, M. M. (2018) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.062 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Tabata, I., Suzuki, Y., Fukunaga, T., Yokozeki, T., Akima, H., & Funato, K. (1999) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.3.909 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Role of yoga for patients with type II diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kumar, V., Jagannathan, A., Philip, M., Thulasi, A., Angadi, P., & Nagarathna, R. (2016) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2016.02.001 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Mannucci, E., Bonifazi, A., & Monami, M. (2021) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.030 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Exercise training increases adipose tissue GLUT4 expression in patients with type 2 diabetes
Hussey, S. E., McGee, S. L., GARNHAM, A. P., Wentworth, J. M., Jeukendrup, A. E., & Hargreaves, M. (2011) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01426.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bock, B. C., Thind, H. K., Fava, J. L., DUNSIGER, S. I., Guthrie, K. M., Stroud, L. R., Gopalakrishnan, G., Sillice, M. A., & Wu, W. (2018) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.019 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Cassidy, S., Vaidya, V., Houghton, D., Zalewski, P., Seferović, J. P., Hallsworth, K., MacGowan, G. A., Trenell, M. I., & Jakovljević, D. G. (2018) · Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research · doi:10.1177/1479164118816223 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Jeon, Y. K., Kim, S. S., Kim, J. H., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. J., Park, J. J., Cho, Y. S., Joung, S. H., Kim, J. R., Kim, B. H., et al. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2018.0160 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hangping, Z., Xiaona, Q., Zhang, Q., Li, Q., Na, Y., Ji, L., Liu, S., Zhang, S., Xiaoming, Z., Xiaoxia, L., et al. (2019) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2019.02.011 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Aerobic exercise and resistance training for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Dunstan, D. W. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0790 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Impact of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Vaspin Level in Female Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Shahraki, Z., & Eftekhar, E. (2018) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gallardo-Gómez, D., Salazar-Martínez, E., Alfonso-Rosa, R. M., Ramos-Munell, J., del Pozo-Cruz, J., del Pozo Cruz, B., & Álvarez-Barbosa, F. (2024) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc23-0800 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Mesinovic, J., Fyfe, J. J., Talevski, J., Wheeler, M. J., Leung, G. K. W., George, E. S., Hunegnaw, M. T., Glavas, C., Jansons, P., Daly, R. M., et al. (2023) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2023.0112 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Al-Mhanna, S. B., Franklin, B. A., Jakicic, J. M., Stamatakis, E., Pescatello, L. S., Riebe, D. A., Thompson, W. R., Skinner, J. S., Colberg, S. R., Alkhamees, N. H., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108947 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Liang, Z., Zhang, M., Wang, C., Hao, F., Yu, Y., Tian, S., & Yuan, Y. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02057-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Zhao, T., Yang, Q., Feuerbacher, J. F., Yu, B., Brinkmann, C. K., Cheng, S., Bloch, W., & Schumann, M. (2024) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2024-108127 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Garcia, S. P., Cureau, F. V., Iorra, F. D. Q., Bottino, L. G., Monteiro, L. E. R. C., Leivas, G., Umpierre, D., & Schaan, B. D. (2025) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112027 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., Fernández‐Rodríguez, R., Reina‐Gutiérrez, S., Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez, E., Garrido‐Miguel, M., de Arenas‐Arroyo, S. N., & Torres-Costoso, A. I. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19383-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Impact of Physical Exercise on Platelets: Focus on Its Effects in Metabolic Chronic Diseases
Barale, C., Melchionda, E., Tempesta, G., Morotti, A., & Russo, I. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12081609 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wu, S., Wang, L., He, Y., Shi, F., Zhuang, H., Mei, L., & Qian, Y.-L. (2023) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101802 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Al-Mhanna, S. B., Franklin, B. A., Jakicic, J. M., Stamatakis, E. A., Pescatello, L. S., Riebe, D. A., Thompson, W. R., Skinner, J. S., Colberg, S. R., Ehrman, J. K., et al. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2025.109203 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Michielsen, M., Yagiz, J. I., Hanssens, M., Claes, J., Geuns, L., Gojevic, T., Hansen, D., Claessen, G., Craemer, M. D., & Cornelissen, V. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-03048-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Mao, M., Huang, H., Huang, C., & Liao, W. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.70185 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
D’Haese, S., Claes, L., de Laat, I., Campenhout, S. V., Deluyker, D., Heeren, E., Haesen, S., Lambrichts, I., Wouters, K., Schalkwijk, C. G., et al. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16030431 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Álvarez-Bustos, A., Laosa, O., Marzetti, E., Carnicero, J. A., Castro-Rodriguez, M., Landi, F., Sinclair, A. J., & Rodriguez-Mañas, L. (2024) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afad253 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sinclair, A. J., Laosa, O., Carnicero, J. A. C., Rodríguez‐Mañas, L., & Álvarez‐Bustos, A. (2024) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111797 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hohberg, V., Lichtenstein, E., Kreppke, J.-N., Zanitti, C., Streckmann, F., Gerber, M., & Faude, O. (2025) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-025-02184-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Suorsa, K., Leskinen, T., Gupta, N., Andersen, L. L., Pasanen, J., Hettiarachchi, P., Johansson, P. J., Pentti, J., Vahtera, J., & Stenholm, S. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003415 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Liu, W., Li, H., Jiang, H., & Zhang, W.-K. (2024) · Pediatric Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s12969-024-00967-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Kılıç, Y., Dalkılıç, S., Dalkılıç, L. K., Özdemir, E., UĞURLU, F. M., Pala, R., Yıldız, Y. A., Hepsert, S., & Ayılgan, E. (2025) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-025-01893-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Significant Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Health and Metabolic Diseases
Dimitriadis, G., Chryssanthopοulos, C., Philippou, Α., & Koutsilieris, M. (2025) · Physiologia · doi:10.3390/physiologia5040057 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Zhang, X.-N., Liang, Z., & Li, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1494368 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Core Exercise as Non-Pharmacological Strategy for Improving Metabolic Health in Prediabetic Women
YİĞİTER, N., Akçınar, F., Yasul, Y., Çınar, V., Akbulut, T., & Migliaccio, G. M. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61050942 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Álvarez‐Barbosa, F., Ramos-Munell, J., del Pozo-Cruz, J., Cruz, B. D. P., Ceballos-Sánchez, J. L., & Gallardo‐Gómez, D. (2025) · Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s11154-025-10005-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Thomson, A. M., Cull, I. C., Peskett, L. E., B̀ouchard, D. R., & Sénéchal, M. (2024) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2024.12.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Role of Aerobic Exercise in Managing Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Hypertension
Fan, B., & Wang, K. (2025) · Theoretical and Natural Science · doi:10.54254/2753-8818/2024.19891 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tseng, F. S., Lim, G. H., Bee, Y. M., Lee, P. C., Tai, Y. K., Franco‐Obregón, A., & Tan, H. C. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14186413 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Yu, B., Zhao, L., Huang, L., & Zhang, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1623727 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhou, L., Li, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, H., Ji, X., Yu, Y., & Xie, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1694982 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Trybulski, R., Żebrowska, A., Fostiak, K., Olaniszyn, G., & Wilk, M. (2026) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2026.156671 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liang, L.-B., Zhao, Z.-H., Li, W.-X., Wang, S., Shen, Q., Wu, C.-Q., & Li, K.-P. (2026) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-026-03236-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhao, T., Yang, Q., Feuerbacher, J. F., Yu, B., Brinkmann, C. K., Cheng, S., Bloch, W., & Schumann, M. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.01.22.24301604 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sonhaji, S., Hani, U., & Rahmani, R. (2024) · Jurnal Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan · doi:10.33655/mak.v8i1.180
Thomson, A. M., Rioux, B. V., Hrubeniuk, T. J., B̀ouchard, D. R., & Sénéchal, M. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0304341
Mitigating diabetic cardiomyopathy
D’Haese, S. (2024) · doi:10.26481/dis.20241014sh
Krankheitsassoziierte Testverfahren und medizinische Trainingstherapie innerer Erkrankungen
Wolfram, S., & Bauer, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-69586-9_6
Naharcı, M. İ. (2025) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2025.103857
Disease-Associated Test Procedures and Medical Exercise Therapy for Internal Diseases
Wolfram, S., & Bauer, R. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-70774-6_6
Bernard, D., Sultan, A., & Bouzakri, K. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26178182
Liu, W.-Y., Li, H.-M., Jiang, H., & Zhang, W.-K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26688338
Liu, W.-Y., Li, H.-M., Jiang, H., & Zhang, W.-K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26688335
Liu, W.-Y., Li, H.-M., Jiang, H., & Zhang, W.-K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26688332
Liu, W.-Y., Li, H.-M., Jiang, H., & Zhang, W.-K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26688329
Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Fernández-Rodríguez, R., Reina‐Gutiérrez, S., Rodríguez‐Gutiérrez, E., Garrido‐Miguel, M., de Arenas‐Arroyo, S. N., & Torres-Costoso, A. I. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26289127
Liu, W.-Y., Li, H.-M., Jiang, H., & Zhang, W.-K. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26688341
Grillo, D., Cecconi, M., Ossola, G., Stefanello, A., Ciceri, S., Romano, V., Zitti, M., Basso, G., Pavan, R., Perrucchini, M., et al. (2026) · Disability and Rehabilitation Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/17483107.2025.2607046
de Lima, M. P., Miyabara, R. A., Khalaf, L. F., Bagady, S. S., Raddawi, S. F., Júnior, J. A. S., Baltatu, O. C., & Campos, L. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2026.1728121
Al-Kuwari, A., Ali, A., Al-Mutawa, A., Al-Khuzaei, A., & Gaskell, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1762653
Xu, Y., Jin, R., Pang, J., Chen, F., & Dai, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1845188
Ren, W., Chen, Z., Wang, J., & Yang, S. (2026) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113393
Wu, Y., Liao, L.-N., Lai, Y.-F., Huang, H.-E., Liao, W., & Huang, C. (2026) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-026-02736-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Li, Y., Nie, L., & Li, M. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1889124
Exercise and physical activity interventions in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Su, W., Li, X., Gou, H., Yuan, L., Lin, L., Lin, X., Wang, X., Xiong, Y., & Luan, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1887543
PARK, Y., SHIN, Y.-H., Yuan, Y., Jeon, J. Y., Zhang, Y., Ferrari, G., Rezende, L. F. M., Giovannucci, E. L., & Lee, D. H. (2026) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113509
Liu, J., Shi, R., Fu, W., & Ming, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1947147
Maquiné, M. D. O., Fonseca, A. V., & de Fontes, P. A. D. S. (2026) · South American Sciences · doi:10.63330/sasciencesv6n2-263
- Authors
- Hou, L., Wang, Q., Pan, B., Li, R., Li, Y., He, J., Qin, T., Cao, L., Zhang, N., Cao, C., Ge, L., & Yang, K.
- Affiliations
- Lanzhou University (CN)
- Sichuan University (CN)
- Venue
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-12-04
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e3591-e3591
- ISSN
- 1520-7552 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-7560
- OpenAlex
- W4309921269
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, exercise modalities, supervised exercise, aerobic exercise, resistance training, flexibility training, balance training, glycemic control, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, body weight, blood pressure, lipid profile, total cholesterol, triglycerides
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Adult, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Lipids, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
