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Buried alive: How osteoblasts become osteocytes
Open accessAbstract
During osteogenesis, osteoblasts lay down osteoid and transform into osteocytes embedded in mineralized bone matrix. Despite the fact that osteocytes are the most abundant cellular component of bone, little is known about the process of osteoblast‐to‐osteocyte transformation. What is known is that osteoblasts undergo a number of changes during this transformation, yet retain their connections to preosteoblasts and osteocytes. This review explores the osteoblast‐to‐osteocyte transformation during intramembranous ossification from both morphological and molecular perspectives. We investigate how these data support five schemes that describe how an osteoblast could become entrapped in the bone matrix (in mammals) and suggest one of the five scenarios that best fits as a model. Those osteoblasts on the bone surface that are destined for burial and destined to become osteocytes slow down matrix production compared to neighbouring osteoblasts, which continue to produce bone matrix. That is, cells that continue to produce matrix actively bury cells producing less or no new bone matrix (passive burial). We summarize which morphological and molecular changes could be used as characters (or markers) to follow the transformation process. Developmental Dynamics 235:176–190, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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“Osteocytes, which comprise 90–95% of the total bone cells, are the most abundant and long-lived cells, with a lifespan of up to 25 years [54].”
From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [54]
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“In this process, four recognizable stages have been proposed: osteoid-osteocyte, preosteocyte, young osteocyte, and mature osteocyte [54].”
From Biology of Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, and Factors That Influence Bone Cells (2015) · cites this paper as [54]
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Yeh, E. (2011) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.41.2011.tde-24102011-095337 · Cited by 1
Can mango reverse bone loss in ovariectomized mice
Vitale, E. (2011) · SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) · Cited by 1
Effects of various 3D biomaterials on osteoblastic differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal cells
Karadžić, I. (2013) · doi:10.2298/bg20130604karadzic · Cited by 1
THE GENETICS OF OSTEOLYSIS AND HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION AFTER TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
MacInnes, S. J. (2016) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1
Gewinnung und Charakterisierung von humanen Zementoblasten
Bernhardt, K. (2018) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6856 · Cited by 1
Modelling Osteocyte Network Formation: Healthy and Cancerous EnvironmentsPreprint
Taylor‐King, J. P., Buenzli, P. R., Chapman, S. J., Lynch, C. C., & Basanta, D. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/729046 · Cited by 1
Glucocorticoid Regulation of Osteoclasts
Blair, H. C., & Isales, C. M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11166-3 · Cited by 1
Zebrafish scales in bone research
de Vrieze, E. (2014) · Cited by 1
ATP6AP2-to-MMP14, a key pathway for osteoblast to osteocyte transitionPreprint
Xiong, L., Guo, H.-H., Pan, J., Ren, X., Lee, D., Mei, L., & Xiong, W. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.04.27.489713 · Cited by 1
Effects of poroelasticity on mechanoadaptation in bone
Podlisny, D. R. (2019) · doi:10.17760/d20317937 · Cited by 1
References and Suggested Reading
(2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2001-3.00029-0 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Franz‐Odendaal, T. A., Hall, B. K., & Witten, P. E.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Franz‐Odendaal, Tamara A.
- Witten, P. Eckhard
- Venue
- Developmental Dynamics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2005-10-28
- Volume
- 235
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 176-190
- ISSN
- 1058-8388 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0177
- OpenAlex
- W2032394856
- Cited by
- 795
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Developmental Dynamics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Alkaline Phosphatase Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Bone and Dental Protein Studies
- Keywords
- osteocytes, osteoblasts, intramembranous ossification, bone formation, bone matrix mineralization, osteoblast markers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bone and Bones, Cell Differentiation, Humans, Models, Biological, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteogenesis
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