The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The relationship between social media use and disordered eating in young adolescents.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relationship between social media (SM) use and disordered eating (DE) has not been adequately explored in young adolescents. METHODS: Data from 996 Grade 7 and 8 adolescents (n = 534 girls; M age = 13.08) was investigated. DE cognitions (Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire [EDE-Q]), DE behaviors (Project Eating Among Teens), and SM use measures related to Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Tumblr were completed. RESULTS: DE behaviors were reported by 51.7% of girls and 45.0% of boys, with strict exercise and meal skipping the most common. A total of 75.4% of girls and 69.9% of boys had at least one SM account where Instagram was the most common, used by 68.1% of girls and 61.7% of boys. Global EDE-Q scores were significantly higher for girls and boys with each type of SM account, except for Facebook and Instagram for girls. A greater number of SM accounts was associated with higher DE scores for both cognitions and behaviors. Girls with Snapchat and Tumblr accounts and boys with Snapchat, Facebook and Instagram were significantly more likely to have both DE behaviors and over-evaluation of shape and weight in the clinical range. Greater daily time spent using Instagram was associated with significantly higher Global EDE-Q scores and DE behaviors for girls, while this pattern was also found for Snapchat usage and DE behaviors for girls. CONCLUSIONS: A clear pattern of association was found between SM usage and DE cognitions and behaviors with this exploratory study confirming that these relationships occur at younger-age than previously investigated.
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“Disturbingly high prevalence of body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating pathology and comorbid mental health outcomes were reported amongst young social media users in this review [57, 66, 70].”
From The social media diet: A scoping review to investigate the association between social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people (2023) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“Most previous studies were cross-sectional and exploratory in nature, thus preventing conclusion about causation (Wilksch et al., 2020).”
From Common Predictive Factors of Social Media Addiction and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Female College Students: State Anxiety and the Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility/Sustained Attention (2022) · cites this paper as Wilksch et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Three cross sectional studies indicated that appearance focused platforms, namely Instagram and Snapchat, are significantly associated with body image concerns, eating disorder pathology, anxiety and depressive symptoms [51, 56, 57].”
From The social media diet: A scoping review to investigate the association between social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people (2023) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“One cross-sectional study found that 51.7% of adolescent girls and 45% of boys engaged in meal skipping and excessive exercise [57].”
From The social media diet: A scoping review to investigate the association between social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people (2023) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“Generally, girls invested heavily in photos of themselves, endorsed the thin / fit ideal, made more comparisons with others, and engaged in higher levels of disordered eating pathology, specifically dieting and emotional eating [50, 57, 75].”
From The social media diet: A scoping review to investigate the association between social media, body image and eating disorders amongst young people (2023) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“There is evidence from three Australian studies with some concerns (total n = 5967) that social media is associated with several DE symptoms in both sex/gender groups directly or indirectly.”
From Associations between social media, adolescent mental health, and diet: A systematic review (2023) · cites this paper as [54]
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Associations between social media, adolescent mental health, and diet: A systematic review
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Fassi, L., Ferguson, A. M., Przybylski, A. K., Ford, T. J., & Orben, A. C. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02134-4 · Cited by 116
“However, the exact sample sizes for each comparison are reported in Supplementary Tables 5 and 6 and differ for each dimension of social media use, given that we planned to analyse those separately. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02134-4 We expected such symptoms to be reflected in how social media is used by this…”
InfluentialMitigating Harms of Social Media for Adolescent Body Image and Eating Disorders: A Review
Mazzeo, S., Weinstock, M., Vashro, T., Henning, T., & Derrigo, K. (2024) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s410600 · Cited by 71
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“High levels of social media use by adolescents are associated with symptoms of depression, greater body image concerns (46), and disordered eating (47).”
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ResultDahlgren, C. L., Sundgot‐Borgen, J., Kvalem, I. L., Wennersberg, A. L., & Wisting, L. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-00992-3 · Cited by 89
“Other studies challenge these observations by reporting that platform choices and activity participation may vary, but that disordered eating cognition and behaviour still are prevalent in both boys and girls [39, 40].”
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“A clear association existed between the usage of social media, DE cognitions, and behaviors at a younger age than previously investigated [24].”
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“In the case of females, because the advertised female body is unat-tainable for most women, their discouragement, captured through negative body image and decreased body satisfaction, and goal to achieve the ideal body type may lead them to practice DE to bridge the gap [67].”
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“[103] showed that greater daily time spent using Instagram in adolescent girls was associated with significantly higher disordered eating behaviors.”
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“Lower body satisfaction is tied to higher levels of early adolescent body surveillance (Salomon & Brown, 2019) and disordered eating behaviors (Wilksch et al., 2019).”
BackgroundSocial media and disordered eating among middle-aged women: Not just an adolescent concern
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I tweet, therefore I am: a systematic review on social media use and disorders of the social brain
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Rappaport, D. I., O’Connor, M., Reedy, C., & Vo, M. (2023) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2023-007381 · Cited by 16
Piko, B. F., Kiss, H., Hartmann, A., Hamvai, C., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2024) · European Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.5708/ejmh.19.2024.0019 · Cited by 22
“…a problematic behavior, it may bring unfavorable health consequences including depressive symptoms (Vidal et al., 2020), worsening physical fitness (Shimoga et al., 2019), disordered eating (Wilksch et al., 2020), increased suicide risk (Sedgwick et al., 2019), and anxiety (Vannucci et al., 2017).”
BackgroundThe association of social media with dietary behaviors among adults in the United Arab Emirates
Ismail, L. C., Osaili, T., Naja, F., Wartanian, M., Elkabat, G., Arnous, M., Alkoukou, H., Mohamad, M. N., Saleh, S. T., Daour, R. A., et al. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35574 · Cited by 14
“Thus, it may lead to low self-esteem and a higher perception of negative body image [23,24].”
BackgroundSociocultural Influences on Compulsive Exercise in Young People: A Systematic Review
Reynolds, K. A., Plateau, C. R., & Haycraft, E. (2022) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-022-00180-x · Cited by 15
EKİNCİ, N., & Akat, M. (2023) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941231159600 · Cited by 18
New understandings meet old treatments: putting a contemporary face on established protocols
Byrne, S. M., & Fursland, A. (2024) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-024-00983-4 · Cited by 21
“Since then, the twenty-four hours per day access to images of unattainable or photoshopped bodies, plus the rise of ‘thinspiraton’, ‘fitspiration’ and ‘influencers’ has changed our culture in unimagined ways [140].”
BackgroundThe relationship among positive body image, body esteem, and eating attitude in Iranian population
Nia, H. S., Froelicher, E. S., Görgülü, Ö., Osborne, J. W., Błachnio, A., Fazeli, A. R., Goudarzian, A. H., & Kaveh, O. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1304555 · Cited by 15
Malloy, J. A., Kazenbroot-Phillips, H., & Roy, R. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16203517 · Cited by 26
“The social contagion of disordered eating behaviors may permeate via social media, from one’s inner circle to highly influential encounters online, leading to an overt “social pressure to be thin” [48,49].”
Backgroundde Assis, L. C., Guedine, C. R. D. C., & de Carvalho, P. H. B. (2020) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0047-2085000000288 · Cited by 17
Beyond Weight Loss: Optimizing GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use in Children
Zaitoon, H., Wauters, A. D., Rodríguez, L. M., & Lynch, J. L. (2025) · Children · doi:10.3390/children12111427 · Cited by 15
“Risk-taking tendencies [72], high exposure to body-image pressures via social media [73], and the lingering effects of pandemic-related lifestyle disruptions have amplified eating disorder prevalence [74].”
Suicidality and self-harm in adolescents before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Ferreira, D. B. B., Santos, R. M. S., Machado, M. C. L., Rezende, V. H. M., de Marco, P. G., Romano‐Silva, M. A., & de Miranda, D. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1643145 · Cited by 12
Influence of social media on developing body image dissatisfaction and eating disorders
Górska, D., Świercz, K., Majcher, M., Sierpień, M., Majcher, M., Pikulicka, A., Karwańska, A., Kulbat, A., Brzychczy, P., & Kulbat, M. (2023) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2023.22.01.005 · Cited by 12
Wenig, V., & Janetzke, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191811334 · Cited by 12
“In fact, simply looking at pictures of thin women has a significant negative impact on one’s own body image [30], and the use of social media platforms, such as Instagram and Snapchat, is significantly associated with increased ED behaviour in adolescent girls and boys [31].”
BackgroundKim, D.-M., Kim, B., & Kim, K.-H. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14193901 · Cited by 12
Kass, A. P., Kazmerski, T. M., Bern, E. M., Sabharwal, S., Leonard, J., Harrison, M., Barnico, K., Richmond, T. K., & Sawicki, G. S. (2022) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2022.11.006 · Cited by 12
Sun, S., Chen, S., Wang, Z., Xiong, Y., & Xie, S. (2023) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs13090768 · Cited by 17
“found significant correlations between the usage of Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Tumblr and disordered eating behaviors among the participants [24].”
BackgroundWang, C.-H. A., Sher, S. T.-H., & Chung, C.-F. (2024) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3686928 · Cited by 15
“Other studies on Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, and Tumblr also showed that spending too much time on social media increases the likelihood of eating problems in middle school students [104].”
Sharp, G., Bilal, M., Fernando, A. N., & de Boer, K. (2023) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.06.004 · Cited by 10
Praet, N., Stevens, J., Casteels, K., & Toelen, J. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11070822 · Cited by 11
“This selective use, documented in other studies, correlates with decreased eating disorder-related cognition and behaviours [3,44].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEaton, M., Probst, Y., & Smith, M. A. (2023) · JMIR Infodemiology · doi:10.2196/38245 · Cited by 10
“In addition, Wilksche [50] found a negative association between social media and disordered eating behaviors in young adolescents following a content analysis of Twitter, whereas Zhou et al [44] found web-based eating disorder behavior described on Twitter to reflect that of offline eating disorder psychopathology.”
BackgroundD’Anna, G., Angeletti, L. L., Benvenuti, F., Melani, G., Ferroli, M., Poli, F., Villano, R. G., Ricca, V., & Rotella, F. (2023) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-023-01570-3 · Cited by 10
“With different psychological and socio-cultural factors predisposing to disordered eating [16, 45], the accent on physical appearance and the related lifestyle may constitute an extrinsic motivation to do physical activity—a factor which already proved to be associated with higher EDs risk [7, 46].”
BackgroundBatool, F., & Qurat-ul-ain, A. (2023) · Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology · doi:10.52053/jpap.v4i4.212 · Cited by 9
“…disorder, insomnia, and behavioral issues are some of the most common mental health issues caused by SMA (Delgado-Rodríguez et al., 2022; Ergun & Alkan, 2020; Gürbüz et al., 2016; Kuss & Griffiths, 2011; Ryding & Kuss, 2020; Shannon et al., 2022; Vogel et al., 2014; Wilksch et al., 2020).”
BackgroundIMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF DIGITAL NATIVES
Anzak, S., Sultana, A., & Fatima, A. (2021) · Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews · doi:10.18510/hssr.2021.9354 · Cited by 9
Media's Effect on Athletes' Mental Health
Ng, T., Sanders, H., Merrill, S., & Faustin, M. (2023) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.022 · Cited by 16
A preliminary investigation of the causal role of social media use in eating disorder symptoms
Dondzilo, L., Mahalingham, T., & Clarke, P. (2023) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101923 · Cited by 11
Jovanović, G. K., & Čulina, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1398464 · Cited by 8
“It can be aggravated by the negative impacts of social media, on which adolescents spend a significant part of their time (6), especially on those social media that focus on image posting and viewing (7).”
BackgroundGangguan Makan pada Remaja Dipengaruhi Oleh Media Sosial Melalui Citra Tubuh Negatif
Tunga, T. L. E. (2022) · JURNAL ILMIAH KESEHATAN SANDI HUSADA · doi:10.35816/jiskh.v11i1.684 · Cited by 8
Piko, B. F., Kiss, H., Gráczer, A., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2021) · Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.1.2375 · Cited by 8
“Moreover, a recent study reported that younger persons (around 13 years) were the most prone to internalize social media messages on disordered eating [25].”
BackgroundWilksch, S. M., O’Shea, A. E., Crosby, R. D., Lawson, R., & Wade, T. D. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2025.02.017 · Cited by 8
Self-citationSahin, E., & Şanlıer, N. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-22689-1 · Cited by 10
“There is growing concern about how social media usage may influence the development of eating disorders [33, 34].”
Why eating disorders in children and young people are increasing: implications for practice
Hopkinson, E., & Petty, J. (2022) · Nursing Children and Young People · doi:10.7748/ncyp.2022.e1445 · Cited by 7
Mitra, B., Archer, D. E., Hurst, J., & Lycett, D. (2023) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-023-01861-0 · Cited by 10
“Wilksch et al. (2020) suggested that social media platforms with a strong focus on posting and viewing images can be associated with elevated disordered eating (although their research only included adolescents).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilksch, S. M., O'Shea, A., Ho, P., Byrne, S., & Wade, T. D.
- Affiliations
- Flinders University (AU)
- School of Psychology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Wilksch, Simon M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Eating Disorders
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-12-03
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 96-106
- ISSN
- 0276-3478 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-108X
- OpenAlex
- W2992708484
- Cited by
- 267
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 24.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Eating Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Rotary Health (Mental Health Grant)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Keywords
- social media use, disordered eating, early adolescents, Instagram, Snapchat, Tumblr, Facebook, eating disorder cognitions, eating disorder behaviors, gender differences, physical activity limitation, meal skipping, eating disorder prevention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Media
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