STOP floxing around: Specificity and leakiness of inducible Cre/loxP systems
Open accessAbstract
Cre and CreER mouse strains are powerful tools that have proven invaluable for investigating the function of genes and for the fate‐mapping of cell populations. The fidelity of these systems however are becoming more and more contested. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Van Hove et al. and Chappell‐Maor et al. carefully dissect the cellular specificities of two commonly used CreER mouse strains for the study of CNS macrophages; Cx3cr1CreER and Sall1CreER. Both studies elegantly highlight that CreER strains, as well as the "floxed" allele to be targeted, need to be carefully selected and properly characterized in order to ensure reproducible and robust data and interpretations. These studies are a cautionary tale for this technology, but also highlight that we must continuously question and improve our experimental approaches.
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Cx3cr1CreER mice can exhibit Cre recombination even without tamoxifen injection, which could confound experimental results.
“However, it has been reported that Cx3cr1CreER mice can exhibit Cre recombination even without tamoxifen injection, which could confound experimental results48,49.”
From Deletion of SPI1 in microglia exacerbates amyloid pathology by impairing microglial response in Alzheimer’s disease models (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
The Cx3cr1CreER line can show spontaneous Cre activity without tamoxifen.
“This Cre line has been reported to exhibit spontaneous leakiness even without tamoxifen injection48,49.”
From Deletion of SPI1 in microglia exacerbates amyloid pathology by impairing microglial response in Alzheimer’s disease models (2026) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Stifter, S. A., & Greter, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Greter, Melanie
- Venue
- European Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 338-341
- ISSN
- 0014-2980 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4141
- OpenAlex
- W3009661270
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (PP00P3_170626, BSGI0_155832)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Cre-loxP system, CreER, CNS macrophages, fate mapping, conditional gene targeting
- MeSH terms
- Alleles, Animals, Macrophages, Sensitivity and Specificity, Transcription Factors, Integrases, Mice
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