Fusion-independent satellite cell communication to muscle fibers during load-induced hypertrophy
Open accessAbstract
Abstract The “canonical” function of Pax7+ muscle stem cells (satellite cells) during hypertrophic growth of adult muscle fibers is myonuclear donation via fusion to support increased transcriptional output. In recent years, however, emerging evidence suggests that satellite cells play an important secretory role in promoting load-mediated growth. Utilizing genetically modified mouse models of delayed satellite cell fusion and in vivo extracellular vesicle (EV) tracking, we provide evidence for satellite cell communication to muscle fibers during hypertrophy. Myogenic progenitor cell-EV-mediated communication to myotubes in vitro influences extracellular matrix (ECM)-related gene expression, which is congruent with in vivo overload experiments involving satellite cell depletion, as well as in silico analyses. Satellite cell-derived EVs can transfer a Cre-induced, cytoplasmic-localized fluorescent reporter to muscle cells as well as microRNAs that regulate ECM genes such as matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9), which may facilitate growth. Delayed satellite cell fusion did not limit long-term load-induced muscle hypertrophy indicating that early fusion-independent communication from satellite cells to muscle fibers is an underappreciated aspect of satellite cell biology. We cannot exclude the possibility that satellite cell-mediated myonuclear accretion is necessary to maintain prolonged growth, specifically in the later phases of adaptation, but these data collectively highlight how EV delivery from satellite cells can directly contribute to mechanical load-induced muscle fiber hypertrophy, independent of cell fusion to the fiber.
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This facilitates an explosive re-accumulation of translational capacity, a process further optimized by early, fusion-independent communication from resident satellite cells that creates a highly permissive environment for long-term growth.
“This facilitates an explosive re-accumulation of translational capacity, a process further optimized by early, fusion-independent communication from resident satellite cells that creates a highly permissive environment for long-term growth [122,123,124].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [123]
The Results section (‘Delayed Satellite Cell Fusion Does Not Inhibit Long-Term Muscle Hypertrophy’; page unavailable) says that satellite-cell secretory products delivered early during loading may promote prolonged growth without early fusion. The paper does not establish explosive re-accumulation of translational capacity or show that this communication optimizes that process; it discusses extracellular-matrix-related signaling instead. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Comparative analysis of CreER transgenic mice for the study of brain macrophages: A case study
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MyD88 promotes myoblast fusion in a cell-autonomous manner
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Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy and Myonuclei Addition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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M2 Macrophages Promote HCC Cells Invasion and Migration via miR-149-5p/MMP9 Signaling
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A novel method for the quantification of fatty infiltration in skeletal muscle
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The myonuclear DNA methylome in response to an acute hypertrophic stimulus
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The Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Is a Determinant of Myofiber Size and Muscle Mass in Mice
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Self-citationSTOP floxing around: Specificity and leakiness of inducible Cre/loxP systems
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Osteogenic potential of alpha smooth muscle actin expressing muscle resident progenitor cells
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Decrease of MMP-9 Activity Improves Soleus Muscle Regeneration
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Acute mechanical overload increases IGF-I and MMP-9 mRNA in 3D tissue-engineered skeletal muscle
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miR-486-5p regulates the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells through targeting PIK3R1
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Synergist Ablation as a Rodent Model to Study Satellite Cell Dynamics in Adult Skeletal Muscle
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Self-citationAkt1 deficiency diminishes skeletal muscle hypertrophy by reducing satellite cell proliferation
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Satellite cells express distinct patterns of myogenic proteins in immature skeletal muscle
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Resident muscle stem cells are not required for testosterone-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy
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MicroRNA-24 attenuates vascular remodeling in diabetic rats through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway
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Myogenic skeletal muscle satellite cells communicate by tunnelling nanotubes
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Cell‐Derived Vesicles for Single‐Molecule Imaging of Membrane Proteins
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Self-citationNur77 deletion impairs muscle growth during developmental myogenesis and muscle regeneration in mice
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MicroRNA-149* suppresses hepatic inflammatory response through antagonizing STAT3 signaling pathway
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Pleiotropic Effects of Myocardial MMP-9 Inhibition to Prevent Ventricular Arrhythmia
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Self-citationmiR-24 represses metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells by targeting Ack1 via AKT/MMPs pathway
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miRNA-149* suppresses liver cancer progression by down-regulating TRADD protein expression.
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Early accentuated muscle hypertrophy is strongly associated with myonuclear accretion
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Modeling Intercellular Transfer of Biomolecules Through Tunneling Nanotubes
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Exercise Metabolism and Adaptation in Skeletal Muscle
Smith, J. A. B., Murach, K. A., Dyar, K. A., & Zierath, J. R. (2023) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Self-citationRoberts, M. D., McCarthy, J. J., Hornberger, T. A., Phillips, S. M., Mackey, A. L., Nader, G. A., Boppart, M. D., Kavazis, A. N., Reidy, P. T., Ogasawara, R., et al. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00039.2022 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationFusion and beyond: Satellite cell contributions to loading-induced skeletal muscle adaptation
Murach, K. A., Fry, C. S., Dupont‐Versteegden, E. E., McCarthy, J. J., & Peterson, C. A. (2021) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202101096r · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly satellite cell communication creates a permissive environment for long-term muscle growth
Murach, K. A., Peck, B. D., Policastro, R. A., Vechetti, I. J., Van Pelt, D. W., Dungan, C. M., Denes, L. T., Fu, X., Brightwell, C. R., Zentner, G. E., et al. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102372 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationMuñoz López, M., López-Gil, J. F., Ramírez de la piscina Viúdez, X., Baz-Valle, E., & Tornero Aguilera, J. F. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15111041 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Murach, K. A., Vechetti, I. J., Van Pelt, D. W., Crow, S. E., Dungan, C. M., Figueiredo, V. C., Kosmac, K., Fu, X., Richards, C. I., Fry, C. S., McCarthy, J. J., & Peterson, C. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Corresponding author
- Peterson, Charlotte A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Function
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2020-01-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- zqaa009-zqaa009
- ISSN
- 2633-8823 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7448100
- OpenAlex
- W3038607983
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 147
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 4.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Function (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- NIH
- National Institute on Aging (AG049086)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK119619)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- satellite cells, muscle hypertrophy, extracellular vesicles, Pax7, extracellular matrix, microRNA, MMP-9, mechanical loading, myogenic progenitor cells, myonuclear accretion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Communication, Disease Models, Animal, Extracellular Matrix, Hypertrophy, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Mice
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