Extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid with ethanol modifier
Abstract
Conventional solvent extraction methods cannot attain high‐quality antioxidant extracts from microalgae and also require solvent recovery and posttreatment. In this study, we utilized environmental friendly supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction (SFE‐CO 2 ) techniques to obtain pigment (i.e. astaxanthin) from H aematococcus pluvialis . The effects of key operating parameters on the extraction efficiency of astaxanthin were investigated, giving an optimal condition of H . pluvialis weight, 6.5 g; CO 2 ‐flow rate, 6.0 NL/min; extraction time, 20 min; extraction pressure, 4500 psi; volume of ethanol modifier added, 9.23 mL/g; extraction temperature, 50°C; modifier composition, 99.5%. Under these optimum conditions, the astaxanthin yield was 73.9% (10.92 mg/g dry H . pluvialis powder) after eight cycle of extraction cycles. The saponification index (C S /C 0 , representing the ratio of astaxanthin concentration after and before the saponification procedures) of the extract could be increased from 1 to 12.78 by saponification with 3.5 M NaOH.
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Increasing the polarity of the CO2-ethanol mixture relative to CO2 only improves extractability of algal biomass and accelerates partitioning of polar lipids including GLA into the solvent phase.
“It is attributable to increasing the polarity of the CO2–ethanol mixture relative to CO2 only, thereby improving the extractability of algal biomass and accelerating partitioning of polar lipids (including GLA) into the solvent phase [44].”
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Industrial perspective on downstream processing of Haematococcus pluvialis
Butler, T. O., & Guimarães, B. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823304-7.00014-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Plant Analysis
Pourmortazavi, S. M., Rahimi‐Nasrabadi, M., & Mirsadeghi, S. (2019) · Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1002/9780470027318.a9903.pub2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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High-pressure extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis
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Equipment and recent advances in supercritical fluids extraction
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Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Plant Analysis
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Applications of Microbial Pigments in Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics
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Supercritical extraction of marine antioxidants
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Extraction of Astaxanthin from H. pluvialis Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
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Bioextraction of astaxanthin adopting varied techniques and downstream processing methodologies
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Micro-Algae as a Source of Food and Bioactive Compounds for Human Health
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Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Corynebacterium glutamicumPreprint
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MACOVEIU, A. N., Mihalcea, L., Moraru, D. I., Balan, N., Crețu, M., Docan, A., Grecu, I. R., Rîmniceanu, C., Istrati, D. I., Dima, F. M., et al. (2026) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox15091171
- Authors
- Pan, J., Wang, H., Chen, C., & Chang, J.
- Affiliations
- Kao Yuan University (TW)
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- National Cheng Kung University (TW)
- Venue
- Engineering in Life Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-07-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 638-647
- ISSN
- 1618-0240 (ISSN-L)
- 1618-2863
- OpenAlex
- W1951464793
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Engineering in Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Keywords
- astaxanthin, Haematococcus pluvialis, supercritical CO2 extraction, ethanol modifier, saponification, antioxidant extracts, extraction optimization, carotenoids
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