Interactions between Bt crops and aquatic ecosystems: A review
Open accessAbstract
The term Bt crops collectively refers to crops that have been genetically modified to include a gene (or genes) sourced from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria. These genes confer the ability to produce proteins toxic to certain insect pests. The interaction between Bt crops and adjacent aquatic ecosystems has received limited attention in research and risk assessment, despite the fact that some Bt crops have been in commercial use for 20 yr. Reports of effects on aquatic organisms such as Daphnia magna, Elliptio complanata, and Chironomus dilutus suggest that some aquatic species may be negatively affected, whereas other reports suggest that the decreased use of insecticides precipitated by Bt crops may benefit aquatic communities. The present study reviews the literature regarding entry routes and exposure pathways by which aquatic organisms may be exposed to Bt crop material, as well as feeding trials and field surveys that have investigated the effects of Bt-expressing plant material on such organisms. The present review also discusses how Bt crop development has moved past single-gene events, toward multigene stacked varieties that often contain herbicide resistance genes in addition to multiple Bt genes, and how their use (in conjunction with co-technology such as glyphosate/Roundup) may impact and interact with aquatic ecosystems. Lastly, suggestions for further research in this field are provided. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2891–2902. © 2016 SETAC
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Experiments for those groups may comprise specimens or colonies placed in fields, landscape studies, experiments in cages in the glasshouse or in the laboratory, modelling studies, or feeding studies with harvested plant material.
“Experiments for those groups may comprise specimens or colonies placed in fields, landscape studies, experiments in cages in the glasshouse or in the laboratory, modelling studies, or feeding studies with harvested plant material [11, 70–72].”
From Does the growing of Bt maize change abundance or ecological function of non-target animals compared to the growing of non-GM maize? A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
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- Authors
- Venter, H. J., & Bøhn, T.
- Affiliations
- North-West University (ZA)
- GenØk (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Venter, Hermoine J.
- Venue
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-08-17
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2891-2902
- ISSN
- 0730-7268 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8618
- OpenAlex
- W2507595969
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 0.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Keywords
- Bt crops, Bacillus thuringiensis, aquatic ecosystems, genetically modified crops, insecticide reduction, exposure pathways, Daphnia magna, Elliptio complanata, Chironomus dilutus, herbicide resistance genes, glyphosate, Roundup, risk assessment, non-target effects
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacterial Proteins, Bacterial Toxins, Ecosystem, Crops, Agricultural, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Plants, Genetically Modified, Aquatic Organisms
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