Cited by 351Genetic Associations and EpidemiologyNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorPersonality Traits and Psychology

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Genetic covariation between neuroticism and the symptoms of anxiety and depression

Jardine, R., Martin, N. G., Henderson, A. S., Rao, D. C.·1984·Genetic Epidemiology

DOI 10.1002/gepi.1370010202

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Abstract

A genetic analysis of the trait of neuroticism and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 3,810 pairs of adult MZ and DZ twins is reported. Differences between people in these measures can be explained simply by differences in their genes and in their individual environmental experiences. There is no evidence that environmental experiences that are shared by cotwins, such as common family environment or social influences, are important. There are differences between the sexes in gene action affecting neuroticism, and genetic effects become more pronounced with age in females. The lack of evidence for dominance variance affecting neuroticism contrasts well with the detection of considerable genetical nonadditivity for extraversion in the same sample and reinforces the view that these two traits are not only statistically, but also genetically, quite independent. An analysis of the causes of covariation between anxiety, depression, and neuroticism shows that additive gene effects are more important causes of covariation than environmental factors. Genetic variation in symptoms of anxiety and depression is largely dependent on the same factors as effect the neuroticism trait. However, there is also evidence for genetic variation specific to depression.

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Authors: Jardine, R., Martin, N. G., Henderson, A. S., & Rao, D. C.
Affiliations: Australian National University (AU)
Corresponding author: Martin, N. G.
ORCID: Martin, N. G.
Henderson, A. S.
Rao, D. C.
Venue: Genetic Epidemiology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1984-01
Volume: 1
Issue: 2
Pages: 89-107
ISSN: 0741-0395 (ISSN-L)
1098-2272
DOI: 10.1002/gepi.1370010202
OpenAlex: W2118929411
Cited by: 351
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 4.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 7824 d)
Locations: Genetic Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Health and Medical Research Council
National Medical Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Keywords: neuroticism, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, genetic covariance, twin studies, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, heritability, sex differences, age differences, dominance variance, non-additive genetic effects, extraversion, personality traits
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Biometry, Depression, Diseases in Twins, Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Neurotic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sex Factors, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Genetic Variation

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Genetic covariation between neuroticism and the symptoms of anxiety and depression

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