MAC1 mediates LPS-induced production of superoxide by microglia: The role of pattern recognition receptors in dopaminergic neurotoxicity
Abstract
Microglia-derived superoxide is critical for the inflammation-induced selective loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, but the underlying mechanisms of microglial activation remain poorly defined. Using neuron-glia and microglia-enriched cultures from mice deficient in the MAC1 receptor (MAC1-/-), we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment results in lower TNFalpha response, attenuated loss of DA neurons, and absence of extracellular superoxide production in MAC1-/- cultures. Microglia accumulated fluorescently labeled LPS in punctate compartments associated with the plasma membrane, intracellular vesicles, and the Golgi apparatus. Cytochalasin D (CD), an inhibitor of phagocytosis, blocked LPS internalization. However, microglia derived from Toll-like receptor 4 deficient mice and MAC1-/- mice failed to show a significant decrease in intracellular accumulation of labeled LPS, when compared with controls. Pretreatment with the scavenger receptor inhibitor, fucoidan, inhibited 79% of LPS accumulation in microglia without affecting superoxide, indicating that LPS internalization and superoxide production are mediated by separate phagocytosis receptors. Together, these data demonstrate that MAC1 is essential for LPS-induced superoxide from microglia, implicating MAC1 as a critical trigger of microglial-derived oxidative stress during inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Both in co-culture and in vivo, toxins associated with neurodegeneration cause CR3 stimulation by the DAMP HMGB1, which results in activation of NOX2 and production of O2•-.
“Both in co-culture and in vivo, toxins associated with neurodegeneration, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), LPS and diesel exhaust particles, cause CR3 stimulation by the DAMP, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which results in activation of NOX2 and production of O2•– [101,102,103].”
From ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [103]
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- Authors
- Pei, Z., Pang, H., Qian, L., Yang, S., Wang, T., Zhang, W., Wu, X., Dallas, S., Wilson, B., Reece, J. M., Miller, D. S., Hong, J., & Block, M. L.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, David S.
- Venue
- Glia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-07-30
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1362-1373
- ISSN
- 0894-1491 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-1136
- OpenAlex
- W2002174378
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Glia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1K99 ES 01549-01, K99 ES015409)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- Mac-1, LPS, microglia, superoxide, dopaminergic neurotoxicity, pattern recognition receptors, TLR4, scavenger receptors, fucoidan, phagocytosis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, TNF-α, Parkinson's disease
- MeSH terms
- NADPH Oxidase 2, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Dopamine, Female, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Inbred C3H, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Neuroglia, Neurons, Neurotoxins, Superoxides, Macrophage-1 Antigen, Reactive Oxygen Species, Microglia, Mice, Knockout, NADPH Oxidases, Receptors, Scavenger, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Mice
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