The occurrence and persistence of thoughts of suicide, self-harm and death in family caregivers of people with dementia: a longitudinal data analysis over 2 years
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Objective: Family caregivers of people with dementia often report high levels of stress and depression, but little is known about those who contemplate suicide or self‐harm. This study explores thoughts of suicide, self‐harm and death in dementia caregivers and investigates the characteristics that distinguish them from those without such thoughts. Methods: Data were collected every 3 months, for 24 months, from 192 family caregivers of people with dementia living in the Netherlands. Caregivers did not have a clinical depression or anxiety disorder at baseline. Suicide‐related thoughts were measured with an item from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, a diagnostic instrument for DSM‐IV mental disorders. Fisher exact, analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis tests compared the characteristics of caregivers who had contemplated suicide with two comparison groups. Results: Within 24 months, 76 caregivers reported symptoms of a potential depression and were further assessed for suicidal thoughts. Nine carers (11.8%, 4.7% of the total sample) reported suicidal thoughts with three of those at multiple points. Caregivers with suicidal thoughts had more severe depressive and anxious symptoms, had a lower sense of competence and mastery, felt less happy and experienced more health problems, less family support and more feelings of loneliness than caregivers who had not. Conclusion: Suicidal thoughts are present in dementia caregivers and can persist across the care trajectory. Various psychological and social characteristics significantly distinguish caregivers with suicidal thoughts from those without. More research is needed to enable the identification of high‐risk caregivers and provide an evidence base for the development of preventive strategies and interventions. © 2017 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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In the Joling and O'Dwyer (2018) study, those who reported suicidal ideation (Group 1) reported the highest loneliness scores at follow-up, followed by Group 2 then Group 3, in unadjusted analysis (p<0.01).
“Unadjusted: Those who reported suicidal ideation (Group 1) reported the highest loneliness scores at follow-up, followed by Group 2 then 3 (p<0.01)”
From Loneliness as a predictor of suicidal ideation and behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies (2020) · cites this paper as Joling and O'Dwyer (2018)
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- Authors
- Joling, K. J., O'Dwyer, S. T., Hertogh, C. M. P. M., & van Hout, H. P. J.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- Amsterdam Public Health research institute VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Joling, Karlijn J.
- Venue
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-04-05
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 263-270
- ISSN
- 0885-6230 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-1166
- PMC
- PMC5811919
- OpenAlex
- W2604844474
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 8.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- ZonMw (2620.00003)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- suicidal ideation, self-harm, death thoughts, family caregivers, dementia, caregiver depression, anxiety symptoms, caregiver stress, loneliness, family support, sense of competence, suicide prevention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attitude to Death, Dementia, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Stress, Psychological, Logistic Models, Self-Injurious Behavior, Caregivers, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Suicidal Ideation
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