The DISRUPT : A measure of parent distraction with phones and mobile devices and associations with depression, stress, and parenting quality
Open accessAbstract
The landscape of modern parenting has shifted as an increasing number of parents have and utilize smartphones and other mobile devices throughout the day. A validated measure of parent distraction with these devices is needed in the field. It is important to have a validated measure of parent distraction with mobile devices (e.g., phubbing, technoference), as this distraction can be common at times and could negatively impact the quality of parenting that children receive. In the current study, I developed a brief, parent-reported survey measure of parent distraction (DISRUPT), examined its reliability and validity (convergent, divergent) in two survey studies (Study 1, n = 473 parents; Study 2, n = 294 parents), and examined its usefulness in predicting parenting quality (predictive validity). Overall, the results provide initial support for the DISRUPT as a valid and reliable measure of parent problematic tendencies with their phone or mobile devices during time they spend with their children. The DISRUPT's items loaded together well and were internally consistent, and scores were associated with technology use (e.g., problematic phone use) and well-being variables (e.g., depression, stress) in the expected directions. Results also revealed the measure to be useful, as scores predicted parenting-related variables over and above other technology use variables. The DISRUPT also functioned as a mediator in a conceptual model of depression and parenting stress predicting parent distraction (DISRUPT) which then predicted parenting quality.
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Greater mobile device use may then be associated with more disrupted parent-child interactions.
“In turn, greater mobile device use may then be associated with more disrupted parent-child interactions.24,45,47,53”
From Digital Ecosystems, Children, and Adolescents: Technical Report (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
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- Authors
- McDaniel, B. T.
- Affiliations
- Parkview Mirro Center for Research and Innovation (US)
- Corresponding author
- McDaniel, Brandon T.
- ORCID
- McDaniel, Brandon T.
- Venue
- Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-06-03
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 922-932
- ISSN
- 2578-1863 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3167555443
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 9.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Technostress in Professional Settings
- Keywords
- mobile devices, smartphones, phubbing, technoference, parenting quality, parental depression, parental stress, parent-child interaction, scale development, reliability and validity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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