The effect of daily caffeine use on cerebral blood flow: How much caffeine can we tolerate?
Open accessAbstract
Caffeine is a commonly used neurostimulant that also produces cerebral vasoconstriction by antagonizing adenosine receptors. Chronic caffeine use results in an adaptation of the vascular adenosine receptor system presumably to compensate for the vasoconstrictive effects of caffeine. We investigated the effects of caffeine on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in increasing levels of chronic caffeine use. Low (mean = 45 mg/day), moderate (mean = 405 mg/day), and high (mean = 950 mg/day) caffeine users underwent quantitative perfusion magnetic resonance imaging on four separate occasions: twice in a caffeine abstinent state (abstained state) and twice in a caffeinated state following their normal caffeine use (native state). In each state, there were two drug conditions: participants received either caffeine (250 mg) or placebo. Gray matter CBF was tested with repeated‐measures analysis of variance using caffeine use as a between‐subjects factor, and correlational analyses were conducted between CBF and caffeine use. Caffeine reduced CBF by an average of 27% across both caffeine states. In the abstained placebo condition, moderate and high users had similarly greater CBF than low users; but in the native placebo condition, the high users had a trend towards less CBF than the low and moderate users. Our results suggest a limited ability of the cerebrovascular adenosine system to compensate for high amounts of daily caffeine use. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
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Effects of caffeine on CBF are dependent upon the level of caffeine habitually consumed.
“Effects of caffeine on CBF are also dependent upon the level of caffeine habitually consumed.”
From A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effects of Caffeine and L-Theanine Both Alone and in Combination on Cerebral Blood Flow, Cognition and Mood (2015) · cites this paper as Addicott et al. 2009
Caffeine use is significantly positively correlated with CBF following both placebo and caffeine.
“In a withdrawn state, habitual high consumers exhibit higher resting CBF as compared to low consumers, and caffeine use is significantly positively correlated with CBF following both placebo and caffeine (Addicott et al. 2009; Field et al. 2003).”
From A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effects of Caffeine and L-Theanine Both Alone and in Combination on Cerebral Blood Flow, Cognition and Mood (2015) · cites this paper as Addicott et al. 2009
In a withdrawn state, habitual high consumers exhibit higher resting CBF compared to low consumers.
“In a withdrawn state, habitual high consumers exhibit higher resting CBF as compared to low consumers, and caffeine use is significantly positively correlated with CBF following both placebo and caffeine (Addicott et al. 2009; Field et al. 2003).”
From A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Effects of Caffeine and L-Theanine Both Alone and in Combination on Cerebral Blood Flow, Cognition and Mood (2015) · cites this paper as Addicott et al. 2009
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- Authors
- Addicott, M. A., Yang, L. L., Peiffer, A. M., Burnett, L. R., Burdette, J. H., Chen, M. Y., Hayasaka, S., Kraft, R. A., Maldjian, J. A., & Laurienti, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-02-13
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3102-3114
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC2748160
- OpenAlex
- W2118403710
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (F31DA024950, DA024950)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS 042568, K08NS042568)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (EB03880, EB004673, R01EB004673, R01EB003880)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR 07122, M01RR007122)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Keywords
- caffeine, cerebral blood flow, adenosine receptors, cerebral vasoconstriction, gray matter perfusion, caffeine tolerance, caffeine withdrawal
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Analysis of Variance, Brain, Brain Mapping, Caffeine, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Saliva, Statistics as Topic, Echo-Planar Imaging, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Young Adult
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