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A meta-analysis of cerebellar contributions to higher cognition from PET and fMRI studies
Open accessAbstract
A growing interest in cerebellar function and its involvement in higher cognition have prompted much research in recent years. Cerebellar presence in a wide range of cognitive functions examined within an increasing body of neuroimaging literature has been observed. We applied a meta‐analytic approach, which employed the activation likelihood estimate method, to consolidate results of cerebellar involvement accumulated in different cognitive tasks of interest and systematically identified similarities among the studies. The current analysis included 88 neuroimaging studies demonstrating cerebellar activations in higher cognitive domains involving emotion, executive function, language, music, timing and working memory. While largely consistent with a prior meta‐analysis by Stoodley and Schmahmann ( : Neuroimage 44:489‐501), our results extended their findings to include music and timing domains to provide further insights into cerebellar involvement and elucidate its role in higher cognition. In addition, we conducted inter‐ and intradomain comparisons for the cognitive domains of emotion, language, and working memory. We also considered task differences within the domain of verbal working memory by conducting a comparison of the Sternberg with the n ‐back task, as well as an analysis of the differential components within the Sternberg task. Results showed a consistent cerebellar presence in the timing domain, providing evidence for a role in time keeping. Unique clusters identified within the domain further refine the topographic organization of the cerebellum. Hum Brain Mapp 35:593–615, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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“Previous studies have shown that the Crus II and lobule VIII regions are associated with executive function, whereas lobule VIII is involved in working memory (45, 46).”
From Altered functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit in obsessive-compulsive disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [46]
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BackgroundRostral and caudal prefrontal contribution to creativity: a meta-analysis of functional imaging data
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MethodResultSensorimotor, language, and working memory representation within the human cerebellum
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BackgroundResultCerebellar-Subcortical-Cortical Systems as Modulators of Cognitive Functions
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“…metastudies mapping cerebellar activation clusters across different cognitive domains reported involvement in a large range of tasks involving mentalizing, working memory, executive function, and other behaviors (Stoodley and Schmahmann 2010; Keren-Happuch et al. 2014; Van Overwalle et al. 2014).”
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Regional cerebellar volumes are related to early musical training and finger tapping performance
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“The neural correlates of these processes are thought to at least partially involve the cerebellum (E et al., 2012; Zatorre et al., 2007; Ivry et al., 1988, 2002; Koch et al., 2007) a brain structure that has also been associated with plasticity related to musical training, observable when comparing the cerebellar volu…”
InfluentialFunctional Territories of Human Dentate Nucleus
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Explicit and Implicit Emotion Processing in the Cerebellum: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
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“In contrast, the overlap with the executive meta-analytic clusters (E et al., 2014; Stoodley & Schmahmann, 2009) is more restricted.”
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“…vermal aspects of the cerebellum have been classically regarded as the ‘‘limbic cerebellum’’ (Schmahmann, 1991), and multiple neuroimaging studies have identified emotion processing task activation at the cerebellar vermis (Baumann and Mattingley, 2012; E et al., 2014;Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2009).”
Divergent thinking and the core executive functions: a state-of-the-art review
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Prediction, Psychosis, and the Cerebellum
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Cerebellar Contributions to Verbal Working Memory
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“A later metaanalysis [29] investigated cerebellar working memory with a detailed focus on cerebellar activation during the phases of working memory tasks.”
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“…of the posterior lateral area of the right cerebellum together with an activation of the left frontal cortex during different linguistic tasks (Chen, Ho, & Desmond, 2014; Stoodley & Schmahmann, 2009; McDermott, Petersen, Watson, & Ojemann, 2003; Gurd et al., 2002; Ojemann et al., 1998;…”
BackgroundCerebellar tDCS: A Novel Approach to Augment Language Treatment Post-stroke
Sebastian, R., Saxena, S., Tsapkini, K., Faria, A. V., Long, C., Wright, A. E., Davis, C. L., Tippett, D. C., Mourdoukoutas, A. P., Bikson, M., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00695 · Cited by 73
“…is important for language and cognitive functions (e.g., Leiner et al., 1989; Schmahmann, 1991, 2001; Middleton and Strick, 1994; Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2009; Murdoch, 2010; Stoodley et al., 2012; Marien et al., 2014; for recent reviews see De Smet et al., 2013; Keren-Happuch et al., 2014).”
BackgroundZhang, X., Suo, X., Yang, X., Lai, H., Pan, N., He, M., Li, Q., Kuang, W., Wang, S., & Gong, Q. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01791-7 · Cited by 72
Ferrari, C., Oldrati, V., Gallucci, M., Vecchi, T., & Cattaneo, Z. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.026 · Cited by 72
“While it is already well known that the cerebellum takes part in affective processing (for meta-analyses see Fusar-Poli et al., 2009; Keren-Happuch et al., 2014; Stoodley & Schmahmann, 2009), our study is the first online TMS study to reveal such an effect and to suggest that the (left) cerebellar…”
Lin, C.-Y. R., Chen, C., Tom, S. E., Kuo, S., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2020) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-019-01099-1 · Cited by 68
“contribution to higher cognitive function was also recently identified by positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies [15, 16].”
BackgroundCerebellar-cerebral dynamic functional connectivity alterations in major depressive disorder
Zhu, D., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhao, W., & Zhu, J. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.062 · Cited by 71
The neural basis of audiomotor entrainment: an ALE meta-analysis
Chauvigné, L. A. S., Gitau, K., & Brown, S. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00776 · Cited by 80
Cerebellar neuromodulation improves naming in post-stroke aphasia
Sebastian, R., Kim, J. H., Brenowitz, R., Tippett, D. C., Desmond, J. E., Celnik, P. A., & Hillis, A. E. (2020) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa179 · Cited by 68
“Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the right cerebellum is involved in a variety of cognitive and language functions, including word retrieval and generation, verbal working memory, language learning and semantic processing (for reviews see Desmond and Fiez, 1998; Murdoch, 2010; Stoodley, 2012; Keren-Happuch et a…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMeta-analytic connectivity and behavioral parcellation of the human cerebellum
Riedel, M. C., Ray, K. L., Dick, A. S., Sutherland, M. T., Hernandez, Z., Fox, P. M., Eickhoff, S. B., Fox, P. T., & Laird, A. R. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.008 · Cited by 69
“A recent meta-analysis(Keren-Happuch et al., 2014) demonstrated cerebellar involvement in a range of behaviorally diverse tasks involving temporal attention.”
Hutton, J., Phelan, K. J., Horowitz‐Kraus, T., Dudley, J. A., Altaye, M., DeWitt, T. G., & Holland, S. K. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177398 · Cited by 75
Cerebellar Contributions to Language in Typical and Atypical Development: A Review
Vias, C., & Dick, A. S. (2017) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2017.1334783 · Cited by 69
Cerebellar fMRI Activation Increases with Increasing Working Memory Demands
Küper, M., Kaschani, P., Thürling, M., Stefanescu, M. R., Burciu, R. G., Göricke, S. L., Maderwald, S., Ladd, M. E., Hautzel, H., & Timmann, D. (2015) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-015-0703-7 · Cited by 65
“For example, cerebellar activation is more prominent on the right side in response to verbal Sternberg tasks [1, 14] presumably as a result of primarily using the phonological loop for this task.”
InfluentialSleep-disordered breathing: Effects on brain structure and function
Harper, R. M., Kumar, R., Ogren, J. A., & Macey, P. M. (2013) · Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.resp.2013.04.021 · Cited by 64
Moroso, A., Ruet, A., Lamargue-Hamel, D., Munsch, F., Deloire, M., Pierrick Coupé, A., Ouallet, J., Planche, V., Moscufo, N., Meier, D., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2016-313867 · Cited by 63
“(38) Moreover, lobule VIIb volume, associated with working memory in our results, has been previously linked to executive functions and language, notably concerning the right side which is connected to the left cerebral associative cortices.(8,9) Finally, Crus II was associated with IPS in univariate analysis but not…”
BackgroundMethodRegional cerebellar volumetric correlates of manual motor and cognitive function
Koppelmans, V., Hoogendam, Y. Y., Hirsiger, S., Mérillat, S., Jäncke, L., & Seidler, R. D. (2016) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-016-1317-7 · Cited by 61
Zhang, H., Wang, B., Li, K., Wang, X., Li, X., Zhu, J., Zhao, Q., Yang, Y., Lv, L., Zhang, M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00522 · Cited by 55
Bernard, J. A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104639 · Cited by 57
Yang, Z., Xiao, S., Su, T., Gong, J., Qi, Z., Chen, G., Chen, P., Tang, G., Fu, S., Yan, H., et al. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01594-x · Cited by 57
New Horizons on Non-invasive Brain Stimulation of the Social and Affective Cerebellum
Cattaneo, Z., Ferrari, C., Ciricugno, A., Heleven, E., Schutter, D. J. L. G., Manto, M. U., & Overwalle, F. V. (2021) · The Cerebellum · doi:10.1007/s12311-021-01300-4 · Cited by 54
Altered resting-state brain activity in Parkinson’s disease patients with freezing of gait
Mi, T., Mei, S., Liang, P., Gao, L., Li, K., Wu, T., & Chan, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16922-0 · Cited by 54
Cerebellar contribution to emotional body language perception: a TMS study
Ferrari, C., Ciricugno, A., Urgesi, C., & Cattaneo, Z. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz074 · Cited by 53
“the posterior vermis and to Crus I and Crus II (in the cerebellar hemispheres) as regions involved in mediating the perception of others’ emotional states (for meta-analyses see Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2010; Keren-Happuch et al., 2014; see also Guell et al., 2018).”
BackgroundRomer, A. L., Knodt, A. R., Sison, M. L., Ireland, D. R., Houts, R., Ramrakha, S., Poulton, R., Keenan, R. J., Melzer, T. R., Moffitt, T. E., et al. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0621-z · Cited by 53
Kruithof, E. S., Klaus, J., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105171 · Cited by 57
“, 2012; Stoodley & Schmahmann, 2009) and more recently also for contributing to higher order mental functions (E et al., 2014; Schmahmann, 2019; Stoodley et al., 2012; Stoodley & Schmahmann, 2009).”
BackgroundHarding, I. H., Corben, L. A., Storey, E., Egan, G. F., Stagnitti, M. R., Poudel, G. R., Delatycki, M. B., & Georgiou‐Karistianis, N. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23034 · Cited by 52
Virhammar, J., Laurell, K., Ahlgren, A., & Larsson, E. (2017) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a5347 · Cited by 53
“bellum is harder to explain; however, there are reports that the cerebellum is involved in cognitive function.(28,29) Hypertension and vascular risk factors(30) and MR imaging ev-”
BackgroundStructural cerebellar correlates of cognitive functions in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
Olivito, G., Lupo, M., Iacobacci, C., Clausi, S., Romano, S., Masciullo, M., Molinari, M., Cercignani, M., Bozzali, M., & Leggio, M. G. (2018) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-018-8738-6 · Cited by 53
Abnormal Cortico-Cerebellar Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Ramos, T. C., Balardin, J. B., Sato, J. R., & Fujita, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2018.00074 · Cited by 56
Caulfield, M. D., Zhu, D. C., McAuley, J. D., & Servatius, R. J. (2015) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-015-1088-6 · Cited by 50
“Those studies that have assessed cerebellar connectivity with the ICNs have been promising, demonstrating cerebellar contributions to all functional networks (Habas et al. 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialFunctional connector hubs in the cerebellum
Kawabata, K., Bagarinao, E., Watanabe, H., Maesawa, S., Mori, D., Hara, K., Ohdake, R., Masuda, M., Ogura, A., Kato, T., et al. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119263 · Cited by 49
“, 2018), a potential alternative explanation for the role of connector hub regions is to compare signals from connected networks to implement some form of error-related adjustments, consistent with known cerebellar functions (Andreasen and Pierson, 2008; E et al., 2014; Gordon et al., 2018).”
BackgroundPeterburs, J., Thürling, M., Rustemeier, M., Göricke, S. L., Boris Suchan, A., Timmann, D., & Bellebaum, C. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.017 · Cited by 55
Schmahmann, J. D. (2021) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00016-5 · Cited by 50
Distinct Cerebellar Contributions to Cognitive-Perceptual Dynamics During Natural Viewing
Nguyen, V. T., Sonkusare, S., Stadler, J., Hu, X., Breakspear, M. J., & Guo, C. C. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw334 · Cited by 50
An fMRI study of error monitoring in Montessori and traditionally-schooled children
Denervaud, S., Fornari, E., Yang, X.-F., Hagmann, P., Immordino-Yang, M. H., & Sander, D. (2020) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-020-0069-6 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- E, K., Chen, S. A., Ho, M. R., & Desmond, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Division of Psychology School of Humanities and Social Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Shen‐Hsing Annabel
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-11-05
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 593-615
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC3866223
- OpenAlex
- W2135196786
- Cited by
- 516
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA018694)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- cerebellum, higher cognition, cerebellar activation, executive function, emotions, language, timing, working memory, verbal working memory, Sternberg task, n-back task, timekeeping
- MeSH terms
- Brain Mapping, Cerebellum, Cognition, Emotions, Female, Humans, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Music, Time Perception, Databases, Factual, Positron-Emission Tomography, Executive Function
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