Universal transform or multiple functionality? Understanding the contribution of the human cerebellum across task domains
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An impressive body of research over the past 30 years has implicated the human cerebellum in a broad range of functions, including motor control, perception, language, working memory, cognitive control, and social cognition. The relatively uniform anatomy and physiology of the cerebellar cortex has given rise to the idea that this structure performs the same computational function across diverse domains. Here we highlight evidence from the human neuroimaging literature that documents the striking functional heterogeneity of the cerebellum, both in terms of task-evoked activity patterns and, as measured under task-free conditions, functional connectivity with the neocortex. Building on these observations, we discuss the theoretical challenges these results present to the idea of a universal cerebellar computation and consider the alternative concept of multiple functionality, the idea that the same underlying circuit implements functionally distinct computations.
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The connectivity of the cerebellum is organized in a series of parallel loops with the cerebral cortex, the striatum, and the spinal cord, making the cerebellum a key sensorimotor interface: each region receives inputs from a specific region of the central nervous system and sends back projections to these same regions.
“The connectivity of the cerebellum is organized in a series of parallel loops with the cerebral cortex, the striatum, and the spinal cord, which makes the cerebellum a key sensorimotor interface: each region of the cerebellum receives inputs from a specific region of the central nervous system, and sends back projections to these same regions (Sokolov et al., 2017; Diedrichsen et al., 2019; Cabar”
From The Forward Model: A Unifying Theory for the Role of the Cerebellum in Motor Control and Sense of Agency (2021) · cites this paper as Diedrichsen et al., 2019
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe diversity of cerebellar functions could rely on a single cerebellar computation embedded in parallel cerebro-cerebellar loops.
“Contrary to the neocortex, the local circuitry of the cerebellum is highly uniform across its different regions, suggesting that the diversity of cerebellar functions could rely on a single cerebellar computation that would be embedded in parallel cerebro-cerebellar loops (Diedrichsen et al., 2019).”
From The Forward Model: A Unifying Theory for the Role of the Cerebellum in Motor Control and Sense of Agency (2021) · cites this paper as Diedrichsen et al., 2019
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The cerebellum contributes to context-effects during fear extinction learning: A 7T fMRI study
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Ignoring the cerebellum is hindering progress in neuroscience
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Distinct Fastigial Output Channels and Their Impact on Temporal Lobe Seizures
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A Functional Atlas of the Cerebellum Based on NeuroSynth Task Coordinates
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Cerebellar Functional Dysconnectivity in Drug-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia
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GluA4 facilitates cerebellar expansion coding and enables associative memory formation
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Sensory acquisition functions of the cerebellum in verbal working memory
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Functional segregation of the human cerebellum in social cognitive tasks revealed by TMS
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Converging and Diverging Cerebellar Pathways for Motor and Social Behaviors in Mice
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Dynamic causal modeling of cerebello-cerebral connectivity when sequencing trait-implying actions
Pu, M., Ma, Q., Haihambo, N. P., Li, M., Baeken, C., Baetens, K., Deroost, N., Heleven, E., & Overwalle, F. V. (2022) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhac510 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Reward-Based Learning and Emotional Habit Formation in the Cerebellum
Pierce, J. E., & Péron, J. (2022) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99550-8_9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Understanding the role of AMPA receptors in autism: insights from circuit and synapse dysfunction
Jiménez-Gómez, A., Nguyen, M. X., & Gill, J. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1304300 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Cerebellar tDCS does not modulate language processing performance in healthy individuals
Bongaerts, F. L. P., Schutter, D. J. L. G., & Klaus, J. (2022) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108206 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Diedrichsen, J., King, M., Hernandez-Castillo, C., Sereno, M., & Ivry, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Diedrichsen, Jörn
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 918-928
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6686189
- OpenAlex
- W2948714962
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 9
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT 159520)
- Canada First Research Excellence Fund (BrainsCAN)
- NIH (NS105839, NS092079)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vestibular and auditory disorders
- Keywords
- human cerebellum, cerebellar cortex, functional heterogeneity, universal computation, motor control, working memory, cognitive control, social cognition, language
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Cerebellar Cortex, Cerebellum, Cognition, Humans, Language, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Memory, Short-Term, Movement, Perception, Functional Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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