Altered salience processing in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Open accessAbstract
Attentional problems in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have often been linked with deficits in cognitive control. Whether these deficits are associated with increased sensitivity to external salient stimuli remains unclear. To address this issue, we acquired functional brain images (fMRI) in 38 boys with and without ADHD (age: 11-16 years). To differentiate the effects of item novelty, contextual rareness and task relevance, participants performed a visual oddball task including four stimulus categories: a frequent standard picture (62.5%), unique novel pictures (12.5%), one repeated rare picture (12.5%), and a target picture (12.5%) that required a specific motor response. As a main finding, we can show considerable overlap in novelty-related BOLD responses between both groups, but only healthy participants showed neural deactivation in temporal as well as frontal regions in response to novel pictures. Furthermore, only ADHD patients, but not healthy controls, engaged wide parts of the novelty network when processing the rare but familiar picture. Our results provide first evidence that ADHD patients show enhanced neural activity in response to novel but behaviorally irrelevant stimuli as well as reduced habituation to familiar items. These findings suggest an inefficient use of neuronal resources in children with ADHD that could be closely linked to increased distractibility.
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In ADHD, irrelevant environmental cues are assigned exaggerated stimulus salience.
“irrelevant environmental cues are assigned exaggerated stimulus salience (Tegelbeckers et al., 2015).”
From Ventral striatum dopamine release encodes unique properties of visual stimuli in mice (2023) · cites this paper as Tegelbeckers et al., 2015
The Abstract and Discussion > Novelty (page unavailable) report greater neural activity and allocation of neural resources to novel, behaviorally irrelevant pictures in boys with ADHD. They do not establish that irrelevant environmental cues generally are assigned exaggerated salience; that wording extends a finding about particular visual stimuli to a broader mechanism. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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“Across a range of species (Ball and Tronick, 1971; Sun and Frost, 1998; Maier et al., 2004; Nakagawa and Hongjian, 2010; Yilmaz and Meister, 2013; Temizer et al., 2015), rapidly approaching objects or looming visual threats elicit automatic defensive or avoidance responses.”
Background
- Authors
- Tegelbeckers, J., Bunzeck, N., Duzel, E., Bonath, B., Flechtner, H., & Krauel, K.
- Affiliations
- Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg (DE)
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London London United Kingdom
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Tegelbeckers, Jana
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-02-03
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2049-2060
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC4670482
- OpenAlex
- W1576842677
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- DZNE Pub (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich 779, TP A03)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, salience processing, novelty processing, visual oddball task, habituation, distractibility, cognitive control, neural deactivation, children
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Child, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Oxygen, Psychomotor Performance, Visual Perception, Recognition, Psychology
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