Cited by 157Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderMind wandering and attentionPersonal Information Management and User Behavior

Living “in the zone”: hyperfocus in adult ADHD

Hupfeld, Kathleen E., Abagis, Tessa R., Shah, Priti·2019·ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders

Abstract

Adults with ADHD often report episodes of long-lasting, highly focused attention, a surprising report given their tendency to be distracted by irrelevant information. This has been colloquially termed "hyperfocus" (HF). Here, we introduce a novel assessment tool, the "Adult Hyperfocus Questionnaire" and test the preregistered a priori hypothesis that HF is more prevalent in individuals with high levels of ADHD symptomology. We assess (1) a pilot sample (n = 251) and (2) a replication sample (n = 372) of adults with or without ADHD. Participants completed highly validated scales, including the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale, to index ADHD symptomology. Those with higher ADHD symptomology reported higher total and dispositional HF and more frequent HF across each of the three settings (school, hobbies, and screen time) as well as on a fourth subscale describing real-world HF scenarios. These findings are both clinically and scientifically significant, as this is the first study to comprehensively assess HF in adults with high ADHD symptomology and to present a means for assessing HF. Moreover, the sizable prevalence of HF in adults with high levels of ADHD symptomology leads to a need to study it as a potentially separable feature of the ADHD syndrome.

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Crossref · 10.1007/s12402-018-0272-y

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62 of 62 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The term hyperfocus has been used to characterise a state of heightened, focused attention that individuals with ADHD frequently report.

    “The term 'hyperfocus' (HF) has been used to characterise this state of heightened, focused attention that individuals with ADHD frequently report (Hupfeld et al., 2019).”
  • Adults with ADHD often report episodes of long-lasting, highly focused attention.

    “Hupfeld et al. (2019) notes that 'adults with ADHD often report episodes of long-lasting, highly focused attention'.”
  • Hyperfocus includes engagement in certain tasks in certain environments, and only certain situations induce HF.

    “Summarising previous research, Hupfeld et al. (2019) stress the multi-dimensional aspects of HF, that it includes engagement in certain tasks in certain environments, which raises similar questions over the role of environmental cues on ADHD behaviours, where 'only certain situations induce HF' (Hupfeld et al., 2019).”
  • Difficulty among people with ADHD to focus their attention on tasks that are not intrinsically rewarding can be linked to the theory of Monotropism in an autistic context as an Interest Based Account of Autism.

    “Difficulty among people with ADHD to focus their attention on tasks that are not intrinsically rewarding (Hupfeld et al., 2019;Dodson, 2022), can be linked to the theory of Monotropism in an autistic context as an 'Interest Based Account of Autism' (Murray et al., 2005;Murray, 2019).”

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Authors
Hupfeld, K. E., Abagis, T. R., & Shah, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Florida (US)
  • University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author
Hupfeld, Kathleen E.
Venue
ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders
Published
2018-09-28
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
191-208
ISSN
  • 1866-6116 (ISSN-L)
  • 1866-6647
OpenAlex
W2894319308
Cited by
157
References
61
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3
FWCI
3.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Institute of Education Sciences (R324A150023)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Personal Information Management and User Behavior
Keywords
hyperfocus, adult ADHD, attentional focus, distractibility, screen time, hobbies, school environment
MeSH terms
Attentional Bias, Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Case-Control Studies, Behavior, Addictive, Internet

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