Cited by 503Memory and Neural MechanismsNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Absolute Coding of Stimulus Novelty in the Human Substantia Nigra/VTA

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Bunzeck, Nico, Düzel, Emrah·2006·Neuron

Abstract

Novelty exploration can enhance hippocampal plasticity in animals through dopaminergic neuromodulation arising in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA). This enhancement can outlast the exploration phase by several minutes. Currently, little is known about dopaminergic novelty processing and its relationship to hippocampal function in humans. In two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, SN/VTA activations in humans were indeed driven by stimulus novelty rather than other forms of stimulus salience such as rareness, negative emotional valence, or targetness of familiar stimuli, whereas hippocampal responses were less selective. SN/VTA novelty responses were scaled according to absolute rather than relative novelty in a given context, unlike adaptive SN/VTA responses recently reported for reward outcome in animal studies. Finally, novelty enhanced learning and perirhinal/parahippocampal processing of familiar items presented in the same context. Thus, the human SN/VTA can code absolute stimulus novelty and might contribute to enhancing learning in the context of novelty.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.06.021

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46 of 46 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The lack of a stronger neural response to the partner under placebo indicates that a partner's neutral face is not inherently more rewarding than a novel woman of equivalent attractiveness.

    “The absence of a stronger neural response to the female partner during PLC treatment indicates that the presentation of a partner's neutral expression face is not more rewarding per se than that of a novel female of equivalent attractiveness (40).”
  • The hippocampus and substantia nigra are key to detecting novelty and evaluating its reward value.

    “The hippocampus and substantia nigra (a basal ganglia structure) are central to novelty detection and reward evaluation of novelty (Bunzeck and Düzel, 2006; Lisman and Grace, 2005).”
  • Midbrain DA neurons in the SN/VTA respond to both novelty and reward.

    “As midbrain DA neurons in the SN/VTA respond to both novelty and reward62–64, we contrasted new and rewarding stimuli against familiar and nonrewarding stimuli.”
  • fMRI studies confirm SN/VTA activation by associative novelty and stimulus novelty but less by other salient events such as rareness or negative emotional content.

    “Indeed, fMRI studies (for examples see Box 2 Figure 1) confirm SN/VTA activation by associative novelty [60] and stimulus novelty [61] but less by other salient events such as rareness or negative emotional content [61].”

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Authors
Bunzeck, N., & Düzel, E.
Affiliations
University College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Düzel, Emrah
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2006-08
Volume
51
Issue
3
Pages
369-379
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2059763388
Cited by
503
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 24
FWCI
8.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 163)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
stimulus novelty, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, dopaminergic modulation, hippocampal plasticity, perirhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex, emotional valence
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Brain Mapping, Exploratory Behavior, Female, Humans, Learning, Male, Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Substantia Nigra, Ventral Tegmental Area

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