Noninvasive elastography-based assessment of liver fibrosis progression and prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis
Open accessAbstract
The development of liver fibrosis markers in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is needed to facilitate the assessment of its progression and the effectiveness of new therapies. Here, we investigated the potential usefulness of transient elastography (TE) in the noninvasive evaluation of liver fibrosis stage and disease progression in PBC. We performed, first, a prospective performance analysis of TE for the diagnosis of METAVIR fibrosis stages in a diagnostic cohort of 103 patients and, second, a retrospective longitudinal analysis of repeated examinations in a monitoring cohort of 150 patients followed-up for up to 5 years. All patients were treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Diagnostic thresholds of liver stiffness in discriminating fibrosis stages ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3, and =F4 were 7.1, 8.8, 10.7, and 16.9 kPa, respectively. TE showed high performance and was significantly superior to biochemical markers (e.g., aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/platelet ratio, FIB-4, hyaluronic acid, AST/alanine aminotransferase ratio, and Mayo score) in diagnosing significant fibrosis, severe fibrosis, or cirrhosis. Analysis of the monitoring cohort data set using generalized linear models showed the following: (1) an overall progression rate of 0.48 ± 0.21 kPa/year (P = 0.02) and (2) no significant progression in patients with F0-F1, F2, or F3 stages, but a significant increase (4.06 ± 0.72 kPa/year; P < 0.0001) in cirrhotic patients. A cut-off value of 2.1 kPa/year was associated with an 8.4-fold increased risk of liver decompensations, liver transplantations, or deaths (P < 0.0001, Cox regression analysis). Conclusion: TE is one of the best current surrogate markers of liver fibrosis in PBC. Over a 5-year period, on-treatment liver stiffness appears stable in most noncirrhotic PBC patients, whereas it significantly increases in patients with cirrhosis. Progression of liver stiffness in PBC is predictive of poor outcome. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:198–208)
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Liver stiffness and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score are markers of liver fibrosis that are prognostic factors in primary biliary cholangitis.
“These changes in the bezafibrate group were accompanied by a decrease in liver stiffness and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score, two markers of liver fibrosis that are prognostic factors in primary biliary cholangitis.16,21”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
The Discussion (page unavailable) identifies liver stiffness as a surrogate marker of fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis and says its value and increase over time predict poor outcomes. It describes the ELF test as having acceptable diagnostic accuracy for fibrosis or cirrhosis, but does not establish ELF as a prognostic factor. The claim is therefore supported for liver stiffness, not for ELF prognosis. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLSM values above 9.6 kPa are associated with a 5-fold increased risk of liver decompensation, liver transplantation, or death.
“Furthermore, values of LSM [9.6 kPa are associated with a 5-fold increased risk of liver decompensation, liver transplantation or death [86].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [86]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLSM assessed by VCTE has been shown to be one of the best surrogate markers for detecting cirrhosis or severe fibrosis in PBC.
“Liver stiffness measurement LSM, assessed by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), has been shown as one of the best surrogate markers for the detection of cirrhosis or severe fibrosis (i.e.bridging fibrosis) in patients with PBC [86][87][88].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [86]
Worsening LSM showed higher performance than LSM itself in predicting patient outcomes, suggesting LSM may be used as a surrogate marker of PBC progression.
“In addition, worsening LSM showed a higher performance than LSM itself in predicting patients' outcomes, suggesting that LSM may be used as a surrogate marker of PBC progression [86].”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [86]
Patients with cirrhosis treated with UDCA had significant progression of LSM during follow-up.
“This study showed that patients with cirrhosis treated with UDCA had a significant progression of LSM during follow-up.”
From EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis. (2017) · cites this paper as [86]
Both enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) and transient elastography (TE) have, in cross-sectional studies, shown accuracy in determining disease stage as confirmed by biopsy.
“Both enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF)105 and transient elastography (TE)106 107 (eg, FibroScan) have, in cross-sectional studies, shown accuracy in determining disease stage as confirmed by biopsy.”
From The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines (2018) · cites this paper as [107]
In one study, diagnostic thresholds of liver stiffness in discriminating fibrosis stages ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3 and =F4 were 7.1, 8.8, 10.7 and 16.9 kPa, respectively.
“In one study, diagnostic thresholds of liver stiffness in discriminating fibrosis stages ≥F1, ≥F2,≥F3 and=F4 were 7.1, 8.8, 10.7 and 16.9 kPa, respectively.107”
From The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines (2018) · cites this paper as [107]
Liver stiffness measurement (LSM), assessed by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), has been shown as one of the best surrogate markers for the detection of cirrhosis or severe fibrosis (ie, bridging fibrosis) in patients with PBC.
“Liver stiffness measurement (LSM), assessed by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), has been shown as one of the best surrogate markers for the detection of cirrhosis or severe fibrosis (ie, bridging fibrosis) in patients with PBC.107 220”
From The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines (2018) · cites this paper as [107]
Liver stiffness correlates with histologic fibrosis and is a prognostic factor in primary biliary cholangitis.
“Liver stiffness was assessed with the use of vibration-controlled transient elastography (FibroScan, Echosens); liver stiffness correlates with histologic fibrosis and is a prognostic factor in primary biliary cholangitis.16”
From A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (2018) · cites this paper as [16]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
DeLong, E. R., DeLong, D. M., & Clarke-Pearson, D. L. (1988) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531595 · Cited by 22,649 · see citing works
Sterling, R. K., Lissen, E., Clumeck, N., Sola, R., Correa, M. C., Montaner, J., S. Sulkowski, M., Torriani, F. J., Dieterich, D. T., Thomas, D. L., et al. (2006) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21178 · Cited by 5,021 · cited 1× · see citing works
“APRI and FIB-4 were calculated according to published formulas.(12,13) Serum HA concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Corgenix, Broomfield, CO).”
Wai, C.-T., Greenson, J. K., Fontana, R. J., Kalbfleisch, J. D., Marrero, J. A., Conjeevaram, H. S., & Lok, A. S.-F. (2003) · Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50346 · Cited by 4,406 · see citing works
An Algorithm for the Grading of Activity in Chronic Hepatitis C
Bédossa, P., & Poynard, T. (1996) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510240201 · Cited by 4,054 · see citing works
An Introduction to the Bootstrap.
Buckland, S. T., Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532810 · Cited by 3,236 · see citing works
EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of cholestatic liver diseases
European Association for the Study of the Liver (2009) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2009.04.009 · Cited by 1,729 · see citing works
Performance of Transient Elastography for the Staging of Liver Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis
Friedrich‐Rust, M., Ong, M. F., Martens, S., Sarrazin, C., Bojunga, J., Zeuzem, S., & Herrmann, E. M. (2008) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.01.034 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Ziol, M., Handra‐Luca, A., Kettaneh, A., Christidis, C., Mal, F., Kazemi, F., de Lédinghen, V., Marcellin, P., Dhumeaux, D., Trinchet, J., et al. (2004) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.20506 · Cited by 1,465 · see citing works
Schwab, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4730 · Cited by 1,241 · see citing works
Pitfalls of Liver Stiffness Measurement: A 5-Year Prospective Study of 13,369 Examinations
Castéra, L., Foucher, J., Bernard, P., Carvalho, F., Allaix, D., Merrouche, W., Couzigou, P., & de Lédinghen, V. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23425 · Cited by 1,157 · see citing works
Lindor, K. D., Gershwin, E. M., Poupon, R., Kaplan, M., Bergasa, N. V., & Heathcote, J. E. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22906 · Cited by 1,099 · see citing works
Self-citationPrognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis: Model for decision making
Dickson, R. E., Grambsch, P. M., Fleming, T. R., Fisher, L. D., & Langworthy, A. (1989) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840100102 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Parés, A., Caballería, L., & Rodés, J. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.12.029 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Staging of chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis)
Ludwig, J., Dickson, E. R., & McDonald, G. S. A. (1978) · Virchows Archiv A Pathological Anatomy and Histology · doi:10.1007/bf00432479 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Chazouillères, O., Wendum, D., Serfaty, L., Montembault, S., Rosmorduc, O., & Poupon, R. (1998) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510280203 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Self-citationBiochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid and long-term prognosis in primary biliary cirrhosis
Corpechot, C., Abenavoli, L., Rabahi, N., Chrétien, Y., Andréani, T., Johanet, C., Chazouillères, O., & Poupon, R. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22428 · Cited by 646 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Biochemical response is clearly a major predictor of long-term outcome in UDCA-treated patients.(9,29-31) However, it is unknown whether it could be applied in other therapeutic settings.”
Self-citationNow there are many (stages) where before there was one
García–Tsao, G., Friedman, S. L., Iredale, J. P., & Pinzani, M. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23478 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Corpechot, C., Chazouillères, O., & Poupon, R. (2011) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2011.02.031 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Self-citationKuiper, E. M. M., Hansen, B. E., de Vries, R. A., den Ouden–Muller, J. W., van Ditzhuijsen, T. J. M., Haagsma, E. B., Houben, M. H. M. G., Witteman, B. J. M., van Erpecum, K. J., & van Buuren, H. R. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.01.003 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Assessment of biliary fibrosis by transient elastography in patients with PBC and PSC
Corpechot, C., El Naggar, A., Poujol-Robert, A., Ziol, M., Wendum, D., Chazouillères, O., de Lédinghen, V., Dhumeaux, D., Marcellin, P., Beaugrand, M., et al. (2006) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.21151 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Self-citationKumagi, T., Guindi, M., Fischer, S. E., Arenovich, T., Abdalian, R., Coltescu, C., Heathcote, J. E., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2010) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.216 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
The AST/ALT ratio as an indicator of cirrhosis in patients with PBC
Nyblom, H., Björnsson, E., Simrén, M., Aldenborg, F., Almér, S., & Olsson, R. (2006) · Liver international (Print) · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01304.x · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Prediction of clinical outcomes in primary biliary cirrhosis by serum enhanced liver fibrosis assay
Mayo, M. J., Parkes, J., Adams-Huet, B., Combes, B., Mills, A. S., Markin, R. S., Rubin, R., Wheeler, D., Contos, M., West, A. B., et al. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22517 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Corpechot, C., Carrat, F., Poupon, R., & Poupon, R. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.31880 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationTransient elastography to assess hepatic fibrosis in primary biliary cirrhosis
GÓMEZ‐DOMINGUEZ, E., MENDOZA, J., GARCÍA‐BUEY, L., TRAPERO, M., GISBERT, J. P., JONES, E. A., & MORENO‐OTERO, R. (2008) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03585.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Obara, N., Ueno, Y., Fukushima, K., et al. (2008) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-008-2225-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Poupon, R. E., Balkau, B., Guéchot, J., & Heintzmann, F. (1994) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840190314 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationRabahi, N., Chrétien, Y., Gaouar, F., Wendum, D., Serfaty, L., Chazouillères, O., Corpechot, C., & Poupon, R. Y. (2010) · Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique · doi:10.1016/j.gcb.2010.02.004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationVizzutti, F., Arena, U., Marra, F., & Pinzani, M. (2009) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2008.156489 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Corpechot, C., Poujol‐Robert, A., Wendum, D., Galotte, M., Chrétien, Y., Poupon, R. E., & Poupon, R. (2004) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2004.0918.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationAlempijevic, T. M., Krstic, M. N., Ješić, R., Jovanović, I., Milutinovic, A. S., Kovacevic, N., Krstic, S., & Popović, D. (2009) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.15.591 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Poynard, T., de Lédinghen, V., Zarski, J., Stanciu, C., Munteanu, M., Vergniol, J., France, J., Trifan, A. V., Moussalli, J., Lebray, P., et al. (2011) · Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.clinre.2011.07.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Färkkilä, M. A., Rautiainen, H., Kärkkäinen, P. A., Karvonen, A.-L., Nurmi, H., & Niemelä, O. J. (2008) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/j.1478-3231.2008.01722.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Vaubourdolle, M., Eschwège, V., Chazouillères, O., GIBOUDEAU, J., & Poupon, R. Y. (1991) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/37.10.1688 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationTamara, Alempijevic, Miodrag, et al. (2009) · Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hirschfield, G. M., Beuers, U., Corpechot, C., Invernizzi, P., Jones, D., Marzioni, M., & Schramm, C. (2017) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2017.03.022 · Cited by 1,480 · see citing works
Self-citationA Placebo-Controlled Trial of Obeticholic Acid in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Nevens, F., Andreone, P., Mazzella, G., Strasser, S. I., Bowlus, C., Invernizzi, P., Drenth, J. P. H., Pockros, P. J., Regula, J., Beuers, U., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1509840 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Lindor, K. D., Bowlus, C. L., Boyer, J., Levy, C., & Mayo, M. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30145 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Carey, E. J., Ali, A. H., & Lindor, K. D. (2015) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00154-3 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Bezafibrate in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Corpechot, C., Chazouillères, O., Rousseau, A., Le Gruyer, A., Habersetzer, F., Mathurin, P., Goria, O., Potier, P., Minello, A., Silvain, C., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1714519 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Self-citationLammers, W. J., van Buuren, H. R., Hirschfield, G. M., Janssen, H. L. A., Invernizzi, P., Mason, A. L., Ponsioen, C. Y., Floreani, A., Corpechot, C., Mayo, M. J., et al. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.08.029 · Cited by 498 · see citing works
Self-citationLammers, W. J., Hirschfield, G. M., Corpechot, C., Nevens, F., Lindor, K. D., Janssen, H. L. A., Floreani, A., Ponsioen, C. Y., Mayo, M. J., Invernizzi, P., et al. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.061 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Self-citationHirschfield, G. M., Dyson, J. K., Alexander, G. J. M., Chapman, M. H., Collier, J., Hübscher, S., Patanwala, I., Pereira, S. P., Thain, C., Thorburn, D., et al. (2018) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315259 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Corpechot, C., Gaouar, F., El Naggar, A., Kemgang, A., Wendum, D., Poupon, R., Carrat, F., & Chazouillères, O. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.12.030 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Self-citationA Phase 3 Trial of Seladelpar in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Hirschfield, G. M., Bowlus, C. L., Mayo, M. J., Kremer, A. E., Vierling, J. M., Kowdley, K. V., Levy, C., Villamil, A., Ladrón de Guevara Cetina, A. L., Janczewska, E., et al. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2312100 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Self-citationTrivedi, P. J., Lammers, W. J., van Buuren, H. R., Parés, A., Floreani, A., Janssen, H. L. A., Invernizzi, P., Battezzati, P. M., Ponsioen, C. Y., Corpechot, C., et al. (2016) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308351 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationTrivedi, P. J., Bruns, T., Cheung, A., Li, K.-K., Kittler, C., Kumagi, T., Shah, H., Corbett, C., Al-Harthy, N., Acarsu, U., et al. (2014) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.01.029 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Umemura, T., Joshita, S., Sekiguchi, T., Usami, Y., Shibata, S., Kimura, T., Komatsu, M., Matsumoto, A., Ota, M., & Tanaka, E. (2015) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2015.118 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Corpechot, C., Carrat, F., Gaouar, F., Chau, F., Hirschfield, G., Gulamhusein, A., Montano-Loza, A. J., Lytvyak, E., Schramm, C., Pares, A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2022.06.017 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationReig, A., Sesé, P., & Parés, A. (2018) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2017.287 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Corpechot, C., Lemoinne, S., Soret, P.-A., Hansen, B., Hirschfield, G., Gulamhusein, A., Montano-Loza, A. J., Lytvyak, E., Pares, A., Olivas, I., et al. (2024) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000529 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationTrivedi, P. J., Corpechot, C., Pares, A., & Hirschfield, G. M. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28128 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationUnmet clinical need in autoimmune liver diseases
Dyson, J. K., Webb, G., Hirschfield, G. M., Lohse, A., Beuers, U., Lindor, K., & Jones, D. E. J. (2015) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.09.010 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Real‐World Effectiveness of Obeticholic Acid in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Roberts, S. B., Ismail, M., Kanagalingam, G., Mason, A. L., Swain, M. G., Vincent, C., Yoshida, E. M., Tsien, C., Flemming, J. A., Janssen, H. L. A., et al. (2020) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1518 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
John, B. V., Schwartz, K., Levy, C., Dahman, B., Deng, Y., Martin, P., Taddei, T. H., & Kaplan, D. E. (2021) · Hepatology Communications · doi:10.1002/hep4.1720 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Utility of Noninvasive Markers of Fibrosis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases
Corpechot, C. (2016) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2015.08.013 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Corpechot, C., Carrat, F., Poujol-Robert, A., Gaouar, F., Wendum, D., Chazouillères, O., & Poupon, R.
- Affiliations
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Corpechot, Christophe
- Venue
- Hepatology
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 198-208
- ISSN
- 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2027496830
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 14.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Keywords
- primary biliary cirrhosis, transient elastography, liver fibrosis, liver stiffness, fibrosis staging, disease progression, prognosis, ursodeoxycholic acid, hepatic decompensation, liver transplantation, non-invasive fibrosis markers, METAVIR score
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Biopsy, Needle, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary, Liver Function Tests, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Survival Rate, Multivariate Analysis, Confidence Intervals, Disease Progression, Risk Assessment, Elasticity Imaging Techniques
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
