Cited by 456Drug Transport and Resistance MechanismsCholesterol and Lipid MetabolismFibroblast Growth Factor Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Mechanism of tissue-specific farnesoid X receptor in suppressing the expression of genes in bile-acid synthesis in mice

Open access

Kong, Bo, Wang, Li, Chiang, John Y.L., Zhang, Youcai, Klaassen, Curtis D., Guo, Grace L.·2012·Hepatology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

UNLABELLED: Activation of farnesoid X receptor (Fxr, Nr1h4) is a major mechanism in suppressing bile-acid synthesis by reducing the expression levels of genes encoding key bile-acid synthetic enzymes (e.g., cytochrome P450 [CYP]7A1/Cyp7a1 and CYP8B1/Cyp8b1). FXR-mediated induction of hepatic small heterodimer partner (SHP/Shp, Nr0b2) and intestinal fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15; FGF19 in humans) has been shown to be responsible for this suppression. However, the exact contribution of Shp/Fgf15 to this suppression, and the associated cell-signaling pathway, is unclear. By using novel genetically modified mice, the current study showed that the intestinal Fxr/Fgf15 pathway was critical for suppressing both Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 gene expression, but the liver Fxr/Shp pathway was important for suppressing Cyp8b1 gene expression and had a minor role in suppressing Cyp7a1 gene expression. Furthermore, in vivo administration of Fgf15 protein to mice led to a strong activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and, to a smaller degree, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the liver. In addition, deficiency of either the ERK or JNK pathway in mouse livers reduced the basal, but not the Fgf15-mediated, suppression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 gene expression. However, deficiency of both ERK and JNK pathways prevented Fgf15-mediated suppression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1 gene expression. CONCLUSION: The current study clearly elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism of hepatic versus intestinal Fxr in regulating the expression of genes critical for bile-acid synthesis and hydrophobicity in the liver.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/hep.25740

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids
Makishima, M., Okamoto, A. Y., Repa, J. J., Tu, H., Learned, R. M., Luk, A., Hull, M. V., Lustig, K. D., Mangelsdorf, D. J., & Shan, B. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5418.1362 · Cited by 2,714
Bile Acids: Natural Ligands for an Orphan Nuclear Receptor
Parks, D. J., Blanchard, S. G., Bledsoe, R. K., Chandra, G., Consler, T. G., Kliewer, S. A., Stimmel, J. B., Willson, T. M., Zavacki, A. M., Moore, D. D., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5418.1365 · Cited by 2,274
A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis
Goodwin, B., Jones, S. A., Price, R. R., Watson, M. A., McKee, D. D., Moore, L. B., Galardi, C., Wilson, J. G., Lewis, M. C., Roth, M. E., et al. (2000) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)00051-4 · Cited by 1,940
Fibroblast growth factor 15 functions as an enterohepatic signal to regulate bile acid homeostasis
Inagaki, T., Choi, M., Moschetta, A., Peng, L., Cummins, C. L., McDonald, J. G., Luo, G., Jones, S. A., Goodwin, B., Richardson, J. A., et al. (2005) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2005.09.001 · Cited by 1,865
Targeted Disruption of the Nuclear Receptor FXR/BAR Impairs Bile Acid and Lipid Homeostasis
Sinal, C. J., Tohkin, M., Miyata, M., Ward, J. M., Lambert, G., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00062-3 · Cited by 1,819
Endogenous Bile Acids Are Ligands for the Nuclear Receptor FXR/BAR
Wang, H., Chen, J., Hollister, K., Sowers, L. C., & Forman, B. M. (1999) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80348-2 · Cited by 1,636
A G Protein-coupled Receptor Responsive to Bile Acids
Kawamata, Y., Fujii, R., Hosoya, M., Harada, M., Yoshida, H., Miwa, M., Fukusumi, S., Habata, Y., Itoh, T., Shintani, Y., et al. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m209706200 · Cited by 1,628
Molecular Basis for Feedback Regulation of Bile Acid Synthesis by Nuclear Receptors
Lu, T. T., Makishima, M., Repa, J. J., Schoonjans, K., Kerr, T. A., Auwerx, J., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2000) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)00050-2 · Cited by 1,487
Vitamin D Receptor As an Intestinal Bile Acid Sensor
Makishima, M., Lu, T. T., Xie, W., Whitfield, G. K., Domoto, H., Evans, R. M., Haussler, M. R., & Mangelsdorf, D. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070477 · Cited by 1,176
An essential role for nuclear receptors SXR/PXR in detoxification of cholestatic bile acids
Xie, W., Radominska-p, A., Shi, Y., Simon, C. M., Nelson, M. C., Ong, E. S., Waxman, D. J., & Evans, R. M. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.051014398 · Cited by 751

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 33 references

Sorted by citations

Items 401–455 of 455

The Fungicide Prothioconazole and its Metabolite Prothioconazole-Desthio Disturbed the Liver-Gut Axis in MicePreprint
Jin, Y., Hu, L., Wang, X., Bao, Z., Xu, Q., & Qian, M. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4108564 · Cited by 2
Novel insights into bexarotene's role in preventing cholestasis: mechanisms and implications
Mohammed, T. A., & Zalzala, M. H. (2025) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-025-03917-2 · Cited by 1
Prevention of Cholestatic Liver Disease Through BCL6-FXR Enterohepatic Crosstalk
Fruzyna, E., Sommars, M. A., Omura, Y., Yarnoff, K. M., Wang, J. C., Futtner, C. R., Green, R. M., & Barish, G. D. (2025) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2025.101706 · Cited by 1
Chenodeoxycholic acid redirects the bile acid synthetic pathway to limit pro-inflammatory neutrophil infiltration and alleviate colitis
Zhang, W., Wu, X., Feng, Y., Yin, L., Xie, J., Zhao, R., Wang, G., Lin, B., Fang, Z., Zhang, E., et al. (2026) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.03.004 · Cited by 1
Fluazinam Caused Liver Metabolism Disorders and Intestinal Inflammation by Affecting Gut–Liver Axis in Mice
He, B., Xiong, Y., Sun, M., Xiao, S., Cao, Y., Yang, J., Shi, X., Liu, X., Liu, D., & Pu, W. A. N. G. (2026) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.5c14080 · Cited by 1
The emerging role of the Hippo signaling pathway in interorgan crosstalk
Song, G., Lee, C., & Jho, E. (2026) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.70587 · Cited by 1
Persistent activation of growth hormone contributes to sexual dimorphic expression of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in Fgf15 transgenic mice
Dai, M., Shi, H., Basaly, V., Meadows, V., Kong, B., & Guo, G. L. (2026) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1016/j.dmd.2026.100368 · Cited by 1
Bile Acids and Bile Flow
Setchell, K. D. R., & Kohli, R. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-37591-7.00002-1 · Cited by 1
Gut microbiota interaction in host lipid metabolism
Golonka, R. M., Abokor, A. A., Ntambi, J. M., & Vijay–Kumar, M. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819404-1.00016-6 · Cited by 1
The Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Bile Acid Metabolism: Insights from Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experimental Validation
Jin, M., Zou, T., Huang, H., Chen, M., Zou, H., Chen, B., Lai, C., Li, H., & Zhang, P. (2024) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.202400147 · Cited by 1
Farnesoid X receptor modulator 12β-( m -methyl-benzoyl)-11,12-dihydro oleanolic acid represses liver fibrosis by inhibiting ERK/p38 signaling pathways
Li, Y., Bao, Y., Guo, S., Li, Y., Fang, W., Zhang, N., & He, H. (2024) · Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods · doi:10.1080/15376516.2024.2349551 · Cited by 1
Special Section on Bile Acids, Drug Metabolism, and Toxicity—Editorial
(2022) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.122.000835 · Cited by 1
Deletion of serine palmitoyl transferase 2 in hepatocytes impairs ceramide/sphingomyelin balance, prevents obesity and leads to liver damage in micePreprint
Lallement, J., Raho, I., Merlen, G., Rainteau, D. P., Croyal, M., Schiffano, M., Kassis, N., Doignon, I., Soty, M., Lachkar, F., et al. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.09.16.460588 · Cited by 1
ROLE OF BILE ACIDS AND FARNESOID X RECEPTOR IN HEPATIC AUTOPHAGY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN ETHANOL-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
Manley, S. (2014) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Regulation of Xenobiotic and Bile Acid Metabolism by the Anti-aging Intervention Calorie Restriction in Mice
Fu, Z. D. (2013) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
STUDY OF FXR IN PRIMARY HUMAN HEPATOCYTES AND FXR REGULATED BA HOMEOSTASIS IN PARENTERAL NUTRITION ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASES
Zhan, L. (2014) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Gut microbial regulation of bile acid metabolism and signaling
Sayin, S. I. (2016) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Nuclear Receptor Regulation
Makishima, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-56062-3_4
Efecto de los glucocorticoides sobre la vía de señalización enterohepática de FXR/FGF19
Alaqil, F. A. (2017) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.135701
Expression Regulation and Bioactivity of Fibroblast Growth Factor 19/15
白, 玉. (2022) · Pharmacy Information · doi:10.12677/pi.2022.113020
Simultaneous determination of seven bile acids to study the effect of ivermectin on their plasma levels in rat by UHPLC–MS/MS
Mullapudi, T. R., Ravi, P. R., & Thipparapu, G. (2023) · Journal of Analytical Science & Technology · doi:10.1186/s40543-023-00408-y
Avaliação dos efeitos do TUDCA na deposição de gordura hepática e na regulação do metabolismo dos ácidos biliares durante a restrição proteica
Bonfim, M. F. (2021) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2021.1244895
Role of Microbiota in Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Cancers
Belkhiri, A., & Pidkovka, N. A. (2025) · Open Medicine Journal · doi:10.2174/0118742203388914250710052206
Enhanced nuclear localization of small heterodimer partner in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Chien, S.-C., Chen, C., Tsai, H., Lin, Y., Shiesh, S., Cheng, P., Chiu, H., Chiu, Y., Lin, Y.-H., Wu, M.-S., et al. (2025) · JHEP Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jhepr.2025.101616
Additional file 1 of Hepatocyte-specific Sox9 knockout ameliorates acute liver injury by suppressing SHP signaling and improving mitochondrial function
Qin, D., Wang, R., Ji, J., Wang, D., Lu, Y., Cao, S., Chen, Y., Wang, L., Chen, X., & Zhang, L. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24062450
Additional file 1 of Therapeutic mechanisms of the medicine and food homology formula Xiao-Ke-Yin on glucolipid metabolic dysfunction revealed by transcriptomics, metabolomics and microbiomics in mice
Li, M., Cheng, D., Peng, C., Huang, Y., Geng, J., Huang, G., Wang, T., & Xu, A. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22949421
Additional file 1 of Simultaneous determination of seven bile acids to study the effect of ivermectin on their plasma levels in rat by UHPLC–MS/MS
Mullapudi, T. R., Ravi, P. R., & Thipparapu, G. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24320010
Additional file 1 of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide ameliorates cholesterol gallstone formation by modulating cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in an FXR-dependent manner
Huang, D., Shen, S., Zhuang, Q., Ye, X., Qian, Y., Dong, Z., & Wan, X. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25059447
Additional file 1 of l-Arabinose improves hypercholesterolemia via regulating bile acid metabolism in high-fat-high-sucrose diet-fed mice
Wang, Y., Zhao, J., Li, Q., Liu, J., Sun, Y., Zhang, K., MingCong, F., Qian, H., Li, Y., & Wang, L. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19607701
Additional file 1 of Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk regulates murine lipid metabolism via the intestinal FXR-FGF19 axis in diet-induced humanized dyslipidemia
Xu, H., Fang, F., Wu, K., Song, J., Li, Y., Lu, X., Liu, J., Zhou, L., Yu, W., Yu, F., et al. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24633286
16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing reveals bile microbiome features in gallstone disease and their links to blood lipid subtypes
Wang, S., Ding, Y., Cai, C., Ou, M., & Niu, C. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1741489
Homéostasie des céramides et hépatopathies métaboliques
Régnier, M. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2fb92711z373cz4b27z8082z7aa3f8930e63
Impact de la mutation G380R du récepteur FGFR3 responsable de l’achondroplasie sur le métabolisme énergétique et évaluation de l’effet d’un traitement par sFGFR3
Saint-Laurent, C. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/4009375fzcda1z4b66z89d2z53f370c37d8b
Influence du sexe dans la susceptibilité aux hépatopathies métaboliques
Smati, S. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/01997f55za990z41e6z96baz8221de2a6281
Influence of bile acids metabolism on hepatic immunity in mice
Guinot, V. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b69bb11eza30fz4874z9af2za6e31b2d5ad8
Analyse de la régulation de l'homéostasie des acides biliaires au sein des testicules
Holota, H. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/87a97831z9d93z48dazb8b7z8e7a929fc132
Etude de la zonation des voies métaboliques du glucose en fonction du statut nutritionnel : implication du récepteur nucléaire Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR)
Loubota, A. C. N. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/406936f5zb422z453ez84d1z38c3f35b82e9
The Scientific Basis of Cholestatic Liver Disease and Its Symptom Complex
Nguyen, H. H., & Swain, M. G. (2026) · Clinics in Liver Disease · doi:10.1016/j.cld.2026.04.001
CYP8B1 suppressed by Ras/ERK leads to cholesterol accumulation and bile acids reduction and facilitates hepatic tumorigenesis
Li, J. N., Li, H., Dong, L., Yao, L., Dong, X., Guo, Y., Pu, C., Wang, A., & Chen, J. (2026) · Cancer & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s40170-026-00439-0
Mangiferin alleviates metabolic-associated fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota and FXR signaling pathway to regulate bile acid metabolism
Zheng, L., Xie, Q., Si, Y., Chen, M., Zhao, W. B., Li, R., Cheng, J., & Zhang, Y. X. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1844895
Multi-omics insights into the physiological mechanisms of bile acid accumulation in the gallbladder in brumation-like snakes
Ji, J., Huang, J., Zhang, Z., Ye, S., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Lian, H., Xiao, Z., Feng, M., Wei, G., et al. (2026) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D Genomics and Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2026.101910
Autophagy in the liver
Burks, E., Copes, J., Nguyen, K., Tawil-Brown, A., & Yan, S. (2026) · Autophagy Reports · doi:10.1080/27694127.2026.2698350 · Cited by 1
The Ganoderma atrum Polysaccharide PSG‐1 Attenuates Acrylamide‐Induced Hepatotoxicity by Modulating the FXR‐FGF15‐Mediated Gut‐Liver Axis
Chen, S., Nie, C., Wang, Y., Guo, Z., Zhao, K., Yu, Q., Xie, J., & Chen, Y. (2026) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70543
Bile acid dysregulation in sepsis: mechanisms, clinical implications, and future perspectives
Wang, J., Xia, L., Xu, S., Wu, F., Shi, S., Wang, Y., Wei, Y., Li, J., Zhang, X., Chen, X., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1752527
Mechanistic insights into pyraclostrobin-induced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish via the gut-liver axis
Gao, L., Fu, Z., Li, J., Wang, W., Luo, X., & Chen, L. (2026) · Journal of Environmental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jes.2026.105720
Mechanism of FXR signaling: from liver inflammation to hepatocellular carcinoma
Qiuluo, C., Huang, G., Xue, H., & Zhu, Y. (2026) · Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.bbrep.2026.102753
Dietary flavonoids target the gut–liver axis for the management of cholestatic liver injury
白冬松, Fan, S.-Q., Mu, Y., Zheng, D., Huang, X., Ma, H., & Li, L. (2026) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d6fo03181a
Bile acid-based therapeutics: recent advances in bile acid conjugates and derivatives
Seo, M., Lee, J.-H., Yang, S.-B., Ma, G., Lee, H., Han, J., Ryu, Y., & Park, J. (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40005-026-00830-5
The emerging contaminant HFPO-TA impairs hepatic glucose metabolism and induces pparγ-associated lipid metabolic disorders in zebrafish
Li, M., Qian, M., Li, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Liu, H., Wang, L., & Liu, H. (2026) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2026.112358
Bile acid signaling in health and disease
Fan, Z., He, M., Liang, T., 张必利, Zhao, N., & Li, P. (2026) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-026-00603-4
Genetically predicted associations between inflammatory cytokines and juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Pang, J., Pan, L., Liu, P., Qin, W., Yang, J., Feng, Y., He, S., & 杨水华 (2026) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000051005
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NKK20 Pretreatment Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced MASLD and Bile Acid Metabolic Disturbances in ICR Mice
徐, 仁. (2026) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2026.16103303
Gut microbiota shaping fatty liver disease progression
Wysokińska, M., Mysza, M., Uryga, A., & Kolodziejczyk, A. A. (2026) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202603756
BindingDB Entry 50021045: Discovery of novel and selective farnesoid X receptor antagonists through structure-based virtual screening, preliminary structure-activity relationship study, and biological evaluation.
BindingDB (2025) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2d22375
BindingDB Entry 50017303: Discovery of (
BindingDB (2023) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2k35zr8

Authors: Kong, B., Wang, L., Chiang, J. Y. L., Zhang, Y., Klaassen, C. D., & Guo, G. L.
Affiliations: University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
University of Utah (US)
Northeast Ohio Medical University (US)
Corresponding author: Guo, Grace L.
ORCID: Kong, Bo
Wang, Li
Chiang, John Y.L.
Zhang, Youcai
Klaassen, Curtis D.
Guo, Grace L.
Venue: Hepatology
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2012-09
Volume: 56
Issue: 3
Pages: 1034-1043
ISSN: 0270-9139 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1002/hep.25740
PMC: PMC3390456
OpenAlex: W2046811888
Cited by: 456
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 31 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 11.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 1095 d)
Locations: Hepatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01dk044442-26)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK080440, DK-081343, R56DK090036, R01-DK-044442, R01DK081343, R01DK44442, R37DK058379)
National Center for Research Resources (P20RR021940)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
Keywords: farnesoid X receptor, bile acid synthesis, CYP7A1, CYP8B1, small heterodimer partner, FGF15, FGF19, ERK signaling, JNK signaling, tissue-specific gene regulation
MeSH terms: Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated, Animals, Bile Acids and Salts, Gene Expression, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Mice, Knockout, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Mechanism of tissue-specific farnesoid X receptor in suppressing the expression of genes in bile-acid synthesis in mice

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks