Memory and navigation: Compression of space varies with route length and turns: COMPRESSION OF SPACE IN MEMORY
Abstract
For memory to be efficient and useful during recall, problem-solving, and planning, retrieval must be compressed in time. Evidence from rodents suggests that neural compression during replay of spatial memories varies widely, with a range of compression ratios reported from 6:1 to 64:1. Anecdotal evidence suggests that similar compression occurs during mental navigation in humans: we recall how to get from one place to another countless times almost every day of our lives, and this recall never takes as long as physically travelling those routes would take. In this experiment we sought to determine whether this behavioural compression could be measured during mental navigation in humans (spatial memory replay), and which factors might affect the compression of such spatial memories. To this end, thirty participants mentally navigated routes between two landmarks, which varied in length and number of turns, as we measured replay times and recorded ratings of familiarity, detail, and presence. A multi-level model was used to determine which factors were associated with variation in compression. Route length and number of turns emerged from this model as significantly correlated with compression, such that longer routes were more compressed while compression was attenuated as the number of turns in a route increased. This suggests that compression during recall may be affected by specific features of a route, especially those that may act to segment the space or event being represented.
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Recent evidence indicates that turns in a path and familiarity with an environment can impact representations of distance.
“Recent evidence indicates that turns in a path and the familiarity with an environment can also impact on representations of distance (Bonasia et al. 2016; Jafarpour and Spiers 2016; Brunec et al. 2017).”
From Hippocampal and Retrosplenial Goal Distance Coding After Long-term Consolidation of a Real-World Environment (2019) · cites this paper as Bonasia et al. 2016
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Buzsáki, G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190905385.003.0004
Buzsáki, G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190905385.003.0014
Buzsáki, G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190905385.002.0006
Buzsáki, G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190905385.002.0003
Buzsáki, G. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190905385.002.0004
Becker, S. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190917982.013.17
Turns around periodic spatial boundaries facilitate increasing event segmentation over time
Ross, T. W., Slater, B., & Easton, A. (2024) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.240835
Working memory capacity for continuous events: an improved measurePreprint
Leroy, N., & D’Argembeau, A. (2025) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/qgb8n_v2
Graph properties drive navigational selection between equidistant routes
Chi, L., Starrett, M. J., Rao, Y., & Chrastil, E. R. (2025) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109310
“Furthermore, increasing the number of turns reduces the degree of underestimation (Bonasia et al., 2016).”
Understanding the origin of omitted moments in memories of real-world events
Durocher, B., Leroy, N., Warnier, W., & D’Argembeau, A. (2025) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-025-01827-5
“…flow of experience is structured in memory representations, recent studies have asked people to mentally replay the unfolding of natural-istic—dynamic and temporally extended—events (Bonasia et al., 2016; Jeunehomme & D’Argembeau, 2019, 2020; Jeunehomme et al., 2018; Michelmann et al., 2019, 2023).”
Cheng, Z., Brzozowski, N., & Moscovitch, M. (2026) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658211.2026.2627202 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“This result extends past studies, which found event boundaries expanded subjective time relative to the no-boundary conditions (Bangert et al., 2020; Bonasia et al., 2016; Brunec et al., 2020; Clewett et al., 2020; Ezzyat & Davachi, 2014).”
Influential
- Authors
- Bonasia, K., Blommesteyn, J., & Moscovitch, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Bonasia, Kyra
- Venue
- Hippocampus
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-10-23
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-12
- ISSN
- 1050-9631 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1764902502
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 5.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hippocampus (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (449566)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- spatial memory, memory compression, mental navigation, memory replay, route length, turns, familiarity, presence, detail
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Neuropsychological Tests, Young Adult, Spatial Memory, Spatial Navigation
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