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Cited by 160Nutrition and Health in AgingObesity, Physical Activity, DietPhysical Activity and Health

Weight Loss Interventions in Older Adults with Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Since 2005

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Batsis, John A., Gill, Lydia E., Masutani, Rebecca K., Adachi‐Mejia, Anna M., Blunt, Heather B., Bagley, Pamela J., Lopez‐Jimenez, Francisco, Bartels, Stephen J.·2017·Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
DOI 10.1111/jgs.14514PMC PMC5414418
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Abstract

Objectives: To identify geriatric obesity interventions that can guide clinical recommendations. Design: Systematic review using Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, CINAHL , EMBASE (Ovid), and Psyc INFO (Proquest) from January 1, 2005, to October 12, 2015, to identify English‐language randomized controlled trials. Participants: Individuals aged 60 and older (mean age ≥65) and classified as having obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m 2 ). Interventions: Behavioral weight loss interventions not involving pharmacological or procedural therapies lasting 6 months or longer. Measurements: Two investigators performed the systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses criteria and achieved a high concordance rate (97.3%) in summarizing the primary outcomes. The three primary outcomes were weight loss, physical performance, and quality of life. Results: Of 5,741 citations, 19 were included. (Six studies were unique, and the remaining 13 were based on the same study population.) Duration ranged from 6 to 18 months (n = 405 participants, age range 66.7–71.1). Weight loss in the intervention groups ranged from 0.5 to 10.7 kg (0.1–9.3%). Five studies had a resistance exercise program accompanying a dietary component. Greater weight loss was observed in groups with a dietary component than those with exercise alone. Exercise alone led to better physical function but no significant weight loss. Combined dietary and exercise components led to the greatest improvement in physical performance measures and quality of life and mitigated reductions in muscle and bone mass observed in diet‐only study arms. Heterogeneous outcomes were observed, which limited the ability to synthesize the data quantitatively. Conclusions: The evidence supporting geriatric obesity interventions to improve physical function and quality of life is of low to moderate quality. Well‐designed trials are needed in this population.

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  • Strategies that optimize protein anabolism during weight loss, such as consumption before exercise or spreading out protein during the day, can prevent weight loss-induced sarcopenia.

    “Strategies that optimize protein anabolism during weight loss, such as consumption before exercise or spreading out of protein during the day, can prevent weight loss-induced sarcopenia247,250.”

    From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [250]

    The Discussion (page not provided) says that caloric reduction with appropriate protein supplementation and resistance exercise may prevent sarcopenia in older adults with obesity. It does not address consuming protein before exercise or spreading intake throughout the day, and its conclusion is more cautious than the claim’s “can prevent.” (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Calorie restriction-induced weight loss causes a decline in lean mass and bone mineral density.

    “Weight loss achieved through calorie restriction causes a decline in lean mass and bone mineral density.”

    From The Benefits of Exercise Training in Combination With Weight Loss Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [9]

    The Results (Other Findings; page unavailable) report that diet-only interventions led to greater loss of fat-free mass and reductions in bone mineral density. The review concerns older adults with obesity, while the citing sentence states the effect without that population qualifier. It also does not distinguish diet-only weight loss from weight loss combined with exercise, which the review says mitigated those losses. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Weight loss interventions are associated with loss of lean body mass and bone mineral density.

    “concerns persist about the loss of lean body mass and bone mineral density (BMD) associated with weight loss interventions (9,10).”

    From The Benefits of Exercise Training in Combination With Weight Loss Therapies (2025) · cites this paper as [9]

  • Muscle loss after intentional diet-induced weight loss is more frequently observed in older adults with pre-existing sarcopenia.

    “muscle loss following diet-induced intentional weight loss may be more frequently observed in older adults with pre-existing sarcopenia159,165,167.”

    From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a clinical overview (2024) · cites this paper as [165]

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [21]Amaral S Liberali R Navarro F The influence of resistance training variables in reducing body weight in obese and overweight: A systematic review Revista Brasileira De Obesidade Nutricao E Emagrecimento 2015 9 41 48

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Authors
Batsis, J. A., Gill, L. E., Masutani, R. K., Adachi‐Mejia, A. M., Blunt, H. B., Bagley, P. J., Lopez‐Jimenez, F., & Bartels, S. J.
Affiliations
  • Dartmouth College (US)
  • Division of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota
Corresponding author
Batsis, John A.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-09-19
Volume
65
Issue
2
Pages
257-268
ISSN
  • 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-5415
DOI
10.1111/jgs.14514
PMC
PMC5414418
OpenAlex
W2523338548
Cited by
160
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 1
FWCI
2.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K12 HS021695, R01 MH102325, R01 MH104555, T32 MH073553)
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (1KL2TR001088)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U4DP005018)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Keywords
weight loss interventions, older adults, behavioral weight loss, dietary intervention, resistance training, physical performance, quality of life, muscle mass, bone mass
MeSH terms
Diet, Reducing, Humans, Obesity, Quality of Life, Weight Loss, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Weight Reduction Programs

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