Cited by 140Chronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsRenal Diseases and Glomerulopathies

Metabolic syndrome-related kidney injury: a review and update

Open access
Lin, Lirong, Tan, Wei, Pan, Xianfeng, Tian, En, Wu, Zhifeng, Yang, Jurong·2022·Frontiers in Endocrinology

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS is 20-25%, which is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). MetS causes effects on renal pathophysiology, including glomerular hyperfiltration, RAAS, microalbuminuria, profibrotic factors and podocyte injury. This review compares several criteria of MetS and analyzes their differences. MetS and the pathogenesis of CKD includes insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. The intervention of MetS-related renal damage is the focus of this article and includes controlling body weight, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, requiring all components to meet the criteria. In addition, interventions such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, body metabolism, appetite inhibition, podocyte apoptosis, and mesenchymal stem cells are reviewed.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fendo.2022.904001

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  • Cardioprotective properties of EPA that offset inflammation and oxidative stress while improving endothelial function may have been operative in this high-risk phenotype.

    “Although the study was not designed to examine mechanism(s) underlying CVD risk reduction in CKM, cardioprotective properties of EPA that offset inflammation and oxidative stress while improving endothelial function may have been operative in this high-risk phenotype [[15], [16], [17], [18]].”

    From Icosapent ethyl reduces CVD risk in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: REDUCE-IT CKM (2026) · cites this paper as [16]

    Section 6.6 discusses anti-inflammatory effects and endothelial function, but attributes them to pycnogenol, not EPA. Searches of our copy for EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and omega-3 fatty acids found no passage addressing the claimed EPA mechanisms or their possible role in this high-risk phenotype. (LLM, conf=0.75)

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [98]Alexander MP Patel TV Farag YM Florez A Rennke HG. Singh AK.Kidney Pathological Changes in Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Kidney Dis (2009) 5: 751–9. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.01.255 PMC2765403 19339092 · DOI

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Authors
Lin, L., Tan, W., Pan, X., Tian, E., Wu, Z., & Yang, J.
Affiliations
  • Chongqing Medical University (CN)
  • People's Hospital of Kaizhou District (CN)
Corresponding author
Yang, Jurong
Venue
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Published
2022-06-23
Volume
13
Pages
904001-904001
ISSN
1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4283317650
Cited by
139
References
162
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 2
FWCI
4.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Renal Diseases and Glomerulopathies
Keywords
metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, kidney injury, visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, glomerular hyperfiltration, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, microalbuminuria, podocyte injury, renal fibrosis, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, gut microbiota, mesenchymal stem cells, podocyte apoptosis
MeSH terms
Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, Kidney, Metabolic Syndrome, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

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