Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Levels among Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Abstract
In the literature, there have been several studies available investigating the relationship between autism spectrum disorder and intestinal permeability. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between the levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which is a parameter associated with intestinal permeability, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), which is a marker associated with bacterial translocation from the intestine, in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and healthy controls. Fifty-three children with ASD as the patient group and 30 healthy children as the control group have been included in the study. The diagnostic evaluation has been made according to DSM-5 criteria. According to the obtained results, there has been no significant difference between groups in terms of serum TMAO and LBP levels. Considering the existence of various studies that found different results on ASD and intestinal permeability, it is thought that the studies conducted in this field that did not find statistically different results will also make a contribution to the literature.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the context of ASD, research findings on TMAO are inconsistent.
“Similarly, in the context of ASD, research findings are inconsistent [68,69].”
From The Gut–Brain–Microbiota Connection and Its Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders (2025) · cites this paper as [68]
Cites
KAUFMAN, J., BIRMAHER, B., BRENT, D., RAO, U., FLYNN, C., MORECI, P., WILLIAMSON, D., & RYAN, N. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021 · Cited by 10,148 · see citing works
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease
Wang, Z., Klipfell, E., Bennett, B. J., Koeth, R., Levison, B. S., DuGar, B., Feldstein, A. E., Britt, E. B., Fu, X., Chung, Y.-M., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09922 · Cited by 5,597 · see citing works
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates CNS Synapse Elimination
Stevens, B., Allen, N. J., Vazquez, L. E., Howell, G. R., Christopherson, K. S., Nouri, N., Micheva, K. D., Mehalow, A. K., Huberman, A. D., Stafford, B., et al. (2007) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.10.036 · Cited by 3,313 · see citing works
Innate immune sensing and its roots: the story of endotoxin
Beutler, B., & Rietschel, E. (2003) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1004 · Cited by 1,392 · see citing works
Microbial conversion of choline to trimethylamine requires a glycyl radical enzyme
Craciun, S., & Balskus, E. P. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1215689109 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
The gut microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide is elevated in Alzheimer’s disease
Vogt, N. M., Romano, K. A., Darst, B. F., Engelman, C. D., Johnson, S. C., Carlsson, C. M., Asthana, S., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Bendlin, B. B., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-018-0451-2 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
The Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Li, Q., Han, Y., Dy, A. B. C., & Hagerman, R. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2017.00120 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Microglial control of neuronal death and synaptic properties
Bessis, A., Béchade, C., Bernard, D., & Roumier, A. (2006) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20459 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
The Possible Role of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain-Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Srikantha, P., & Mohajeri, M. H. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20092115 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Dietary trimethylamine N-oxide exacerbates impaired glucose tolerance in mice fed a high fat diet
Gao, X., Liu, X., Xu, J., Xue, C., Xue, Y., & Wang, Y. (2014) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.03.001 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Trimethylamine‐<i>N</i>‐oxide promotes brain aging and cognitive impairment in mice
Li, D., Ke, Y., Zhan, R., Liu, C., Zhao, M., Zeng, A., Shi, X., Ji, L., Cheng, S., Pan, B., et al. (2018) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12768 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Ünal, F., Öktem, F., Çetin, F. Ç., Kültür, S. E. Ç., Akdemir, D., Özdemir, D. F., Esen, H. T. Ç., Ünal, D., Tiras, K., Aslan, C., et al. (2019) · Turkish Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5080/u23408 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Severance, E. G., Gressitt, K. L., Stallings, C. R., Origoni, A. E., Khushalani, S., Leweke, F. M., Dickerson, F. B., & Yolken, R. H. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.018 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Low-grade endotoxemia in patients with severe autism
Emanuele, E., Orsi, P., Boso, M., Broglia, D., Brondino, N., Barale, F., di Nemi, S. U., & Politi, P. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.033 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Kodak, T. M., & Bergmann, S. C. (2020) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2020.02.007 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Ashwood, P., & Wakefield, A. J. (2006) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.12.007 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
The Gut Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Is Present in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid
Del Rio, D., Zimetti, F., Caffarra, P., Tassotti, M., Bernini, F., Brighenti, F., Zini, A., & Zanotti, I. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9101053 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Gastrointestinal Issues and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Madra, M., Ringel, R., & Margolis, K. G. (2020) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2020.02.005 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Advances in understanding the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders
Yenkoyan, K. B., Grigoryan, A., Fereshetyan, K., & Yepremyan, D. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.038 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Nguyen, T. T., Kościółek, T., Daly, R. E., Vázquez‐Baeza, Y., Swafford, A. D.-E., Knight, R. D., & Jeste, D. V. (2020) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.003 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Bundgaard-Nielsen, C., Lauritsen, M. B., Knudsen, J., Rold, L. S., Larsen, M., Hindersson, P., Villadsen, A., Leutscher, P., Hagstrøm, S., Nyegaard, M., et al. (2023) · Gut microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2211923 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Mu, C., Corley, M. J., Lee, R. W. Y., Wong, M., Pang, A. P. S., Arakaki, G., Miyamoto, R. H., Rho, J. M., Mickiewicz, B., Dowlatabadi, R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00581 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Imamura, A., Morimoto, Y., Ono, S., Kurotaki, N., Kanegae, S., Yamamoto, N., Kinoshita, H., Tsujita, T., Okazaki, Y., & Ozawa, H. (2020) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-020-02188-w · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The link between autism spectrum disorder and gut microbiota: A scoping review
Nitschke, A. S., Deonandan, R., & Konkle, A. T. M. (2020) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361320913364 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Quan, L., Yi, J., Zhao, Y., Zhang, F., Shi, X.-T., Feng, Z., & Miller, H. L. (2020) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.10.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Gokulakrishnan, K., Nikhil, J., Sreeraj, V. S., Holla, B., Thirumoorthy, C., Narasimhan, S., Nichenametla, S., Pathak, H., Shivakumar, V., Debnath, M., et al. (2022) · Annals of Neurosciences · doi:10.1177/09727531221108849 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Karagözlü, S., Dalgıç, B., & İşeri, E. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-021-04966-1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Fasano, A., & Hill, I. D. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.05.038 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Relationship between Excreted Uremic Toxins and Degree of Disorder of Children with ASD
Osredkar, J., Gantar, B. Ž. B., Finderle, P., Bobrowska‐Korczak, B., Gątarek, P., Rosiak, A., Giebułtowicz, J., Vrhovšek, M. J., & Kałużna‐Czaplińska, J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24087078 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Just, D., Rasmusson, A. J., Nilsson, P., Noreland, M., Malmström, E., Brodin, P., Månberg, A., & Cunningham, J. L. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105162 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kara, H., Açıkel, S. B., Çetinkaya, M., et al. (2021) · ALPHA PSYCHIATRY · doi:10.5152/alphapsychiatry.2021.21152 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationAçıkel, S. B., Çetinkaya, M., Taşkıran, C., Çakmak, F. H., Aydos, B. S., & Işıldar, Y. (2022) · Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi / Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2021.35744 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Gut–Brain–Microbiota Connection and Its Role in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Młynarska, E., Barszcz, E., Budny, E., Gajewska, A., Kopeć, K., Wasiak, J., Rysz, J., & Franczyk, B. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071135 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Açıkel, S. B., Kara, A., Bağcı, Z., & Can, Ü.
- Affiliations
- Ankara University (TR)
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Afyon University of Health Sciences Afyon Turkey
- Konya City Hospital (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Açıkel, Sadettin Burak
- Venue
- International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-07-31
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 571-577
- ISSN
- 0736-5748 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-474X
- OpenAlex
- W4385442567
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, trimethylamine N-oxide, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, children, serum biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Child, Humans, Lipopolysaccharides, Methylamines, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
