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Trochophora larvae: Cell‐lineages, ciliary bands, and body regions. 1. Annelida and Mollusca

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Nielsen, Claus·2004·Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution
DOI 10.1002/jez.b.20001
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Abstract

The trochophora concept and the literature on cleavage patterns and differentiation of ectodermal structures in annelids (“polychaetes”) and molluscs are reviewed. The early development shows some variation within both phyla, and the cephalopods have a highly modified development. Nevertheless, there are conspicuous similarities between the early development of the two phyla, related to the highly conserved spiral cleavage pattern. Apical and cerebral ganglia have almost identical origin in the two phyla, and the cell‐lineage of the prototroch is identical, except for minor variations between species. The cell‐lineage of the metatrochs is almost unknown, but the telotroch of annelids and the “telotroch” of the gastropod Patella originate from the 2d‐cell, as does the gastrotroch in the few species which have been studied. The segmented annelid body, i.e. the region behind the peristome, develops through addition of new ectoderm from a ring of 2d‐cells just in front of the telotroch. This whole region is thus derived from 2d‐cells. Conversely, the mollusc body is covered by descendants of cells from both the C and D quadrants and a growth zone is not apparent. This supports the notion that the molluscs are not segmented like the annelids, and that the repeated structures seen in polyplacophorans and monplacophorans do not represent a segmentation homologous to that of the annelids. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 302B: 35–68, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Authors
Nielsen, C.
Affiliations
University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Nielsen, Claus
ORCID
Nielsen, Claus
Venue
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-01-15
Volume
302B
Issue
1
Pages
35-68
ISSN
  • 1552-5007 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-5015
DOI
10.1002/jez.b.20001
OpenAlex
W2059382052
Cited by
150
References
182
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
0.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 14 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
  • Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
Keywords
trochophore larvae, cell lineage, spiral cleavage, ciliary bands, Annelida, Polychaeta, Mollusca, cephalopods, prototroch, telotroch, cerebral ganglion, ectoderm differentiation, body segmentation, patella, chitons, larval development
MeSH terms
Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cilia, Cleavage Stage, Ovum, Ectoderm, Larva, Mollusca, Polychaeta, Species Specificity, Ganglia, Invertebrate, Cell Lineage, Body Patterning

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