Development of pigment-cup eyes in the polychaete Platynereis dumerilii and evolutionary conservation of larval eyes in Bilateria
Abstract
The role of Pax6 in eye development in insects and vertebrates supports the view that their eyes evolved from simple pigment-cup ocelli present in their last common ancestors (Urbilateria). The cerebral eyes in errant polychaetes represent prototype invertebrate pigment-cup ocelli and thus resemble the presumed ancestral eyes. We have analysed expression of conserved eye specification genes in the early development of larval and adult pigment-cup eyes in Platynereis dumerilii (Polychaeta, Annelida, Lophotrochozoa). Both larval and adult eyes form in close vicinity of the optic anlagen on both sides of the developing brain ganglia. While pax6 is expressed in the larval, but not in the developing, adult eyes, expression of six1/2 from trochophora stages onwards specifically outlines the optic anlagen and thus covers both the developing larval and adult eyes. Using Platynereis rhabdomeric opsin as differentiation marker, we show that the first pair of adult eye photoreceptor cells is detected within bilateral clusters that transitorily express ath, the Platynereis atonal orthologue, thus resembling proneural sensory clusters. Our data indicate that--similar to insects, but different from the vertebrates--polychaete six1/2 expression outlines the entire visual system from early developmental stages onwards and ath-positive clusters generate the first photoreceptor cells to appear. We propose that pax6-, six1/2- and ath-positive larval eyes, as found in today's trochophora, were present already in Urbilateria.
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Sp-opsin4 is orthologous to the rhabdomeric opsin/GPCR type present in the eyes of primary ciliated larvae.
“As a representative of the rhabdomeric opsin family, Sp-opsin4 is orthologous to the GPCR type present in the eyes of primary ciliated larvae (Arendt et al., 2002).”
From Opsins and clusters of sensory G-protein-coupled receptors in the sea urchin genome (2006) · cites this paper as Arendt et al., 2002
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- Authors
- Arendt, D., Tessmar, K., de Campos-Baptista, M.-I. M., Dorresteijn, A., & Wittbrodt, J.
- Affiliations
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (DE)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
- Venue
- Development
- Publisher
- The Company of Biologists
- Published
- 2002-03-01
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1143-1154
- ISSN
- 0950-1991 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-9129
- OpenAlex
- W2146217341
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Keywords
- Platynereis dumerilii, eye evolution, Pax6, atonal, photoreceptor development, trochophore, larval eye, Urbilateria
- MeSH terms
- PAX6 Transcription Factor, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Chemoreceptor Cells, DNA-Binding Proteins, Biological Evolution, Eye, Eye Proteins, Larva, Molecular Sequence Data, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Polychaeta, Repressor Proteins, Rod Opsins, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate, Homeodomain Proteins, Paired Box Transcription Factors, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins
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