Trochophora larvae: cell-lineages, ciliary bands and body regions. 2. Other groups and general discussion

Nielsen, Claus

doi:10.1002/jez.b.21050

Cited by 111Developmental Biology and Gene RegulationMarine Invertebrate Physiology and EcologyPlanarian Biology and Electrostimulation

Trochophora larvae: cell-lineages, ciliary bands and body regions. 2. Other groups and general discussion

Nielsen, Claus·2005·Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution

DOI 10.1002/jez.b.21050

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Abstract

The embryology of sipunculans, entoprocts, nemertines, platyhelminths (excluding acoelomorphs), rotifers, ectoprocts, phoronids, brachiopods, echinoderms and enteropneusts is reviewed with special emphasis on cell-lineage and differentiation of ectodermal structures. A group Spiralia comprising the four first-mentioned phyla plus annelids and molluscs seems well defined through the presence of spiral cleavage with early blastomere specification, prototroch with characteristic cell-lineage, cerebral ganglia developing from cells of the first micromere quartet (i.e., the episphere) and a ventral nervous system developing from the hyposphere. The planktotrophic trochophore was probably the larval type of the ancestor of this group. Another group comprising phoronids, brachiopods, echinoderms and enteropneusts appears equally well delimited. It is characterized by radial cleavage with late blastomere specification, possibly by the presence of a neotroch consisting of monociliate cells, by the absence of cerebral ganglia and of a well-defined brain and paired longitudinal nerve cords developing in connection with the blastopore, and by coelomic organization. Its ancestral larval type was probably a dipleurula. Several characters link rotifers with the spiralians, although they do not show the spiral pattern in the cleavage. Ectoprocts are still a problematic group, but some characters indicate spiralian affinities.

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Ciliated larvae are widespread in cnidarians, lophotrochozoans, and deuterostomes.
“Ciliated larvae are widespread in cnidarians, lophotrochozoans (a major protostome group comprising annelids, molluscs and other marine phyla), and deuterostomes (echinoderms, hemichordates, cephalochordates).”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [7]
Spiralians have ciliary bands with multiciliated cells.
“Spiralians, a sub-group of lophotrochozoans comprising annelids, molluscs, entoprocts, nemerteans, and platyhelminths, have ciliary bands with multiciliated cells [6,7].”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [7]

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Laumer, C. E., Fernández, R., Lemer, S., Combosch, D., Kocot, K. M., Riesgo, A., Andrade, S. C. S., Sterrer, W., Sørensen, M. V., & Giribet, G. (2019) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0831 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
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Authors: Nielsen, C.
Affiliations: University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author: Nielsen, Claus
ORCID: Nielsen, Claus
Venue: Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2005
Volume: 304B
Issue: 5
Pages: 401-447
ISSN: 1552-5007 (ISSN-L)
1552-5015
DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21050
OpenAlex: W2091255780
Cited by: 111
References: 240
Citations by year: 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 0.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 3895 d)
Locations: Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
Keywords: trochophore larvae, cell lineage, ciliary bands, body regions, embryology, spiral cleavage, prototroch, cerebral ganglion, Spiralia, planktotrophy, rotifers, Bryozoa, phoronids, brachiopods, Echinodermata, Enteropneusta, entoprocts, sipunculans, larval evolution
MeSH terms: Animals, Cilia, Biological Evolution, Invertebrates, Larva, Plankton

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Trochophora larvae: cell-lineages, ciliary bands and body regions. 2. Other groups and general discussion

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