Updated Australian diagnostic reference levels for adult CT
Open accessAbstract
INTRODUCTION: In 2018, ARPANSA published updated national DRLs for adult CT, which were first published in 2012, and augmented the national DRL categories. This paper presents the updated national DRLs and describes the process by which they were produced. METHODS: Examine patient survey data submitted to the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) National Diagnostic Reference Level Service (NDRLS). Determine the quartiles of the distributions of median survey dose metrics with categorisation by procedure type. Engage a liaison panel representing the radiology professions to review procedure categories and recommend revised national DRLs. The revised NDRL procedure categories are: head (non-contrast brain (trauma/headache)), cervical spine (Non-contrast (trauma)), soft-tissue neck (post-contrast (oncology)), chest (post-contrast (oncology)), abdomen-pelvis (post-contrast (oncology)), kidney-ureter-bladder (non-contrast (suspected renal colic)), chest-abdomen-pelvis (post-contrast (oncology)) and lumbar spine (non-contrast (degenerative pain)). RESULTS: The existing six procedure categories were revised and refined. Updated Australian national diagnostic reference levels for adult CT were recommended and endorsed for eight procedure categories: head (52 mGy/880 mGycm), cervical spine (23 mGy/470 mGycm),soft-tissue neck (17 mGy/450 mGycm), chest (10 mGy/390 mGycm), abdomen-pelvis (13 mGy/600 mGycm), kidney-ureter-bladder (13 mGy/600 mGycm), chest-abdomen-pelvis (11 mGy/940 mGycm) and lumbar spine (26 mGy/670 mGycm). The updated national DRLs are between 12 and 26% lower than the previous DRLs for dose-length product and between 13 and 63% lower for volume computed tomography dose index. CONCLUSIONS: Australian national DRLs for adult CT have been reviewed and revised. The revised national DRLs are lower, better reflecting current practice among imaging facilities in Australia. The revised Australian national DRLs are similar to those in other developed countries.
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The use of multidetector-row CT is believed to pose a potential risk of cancer and other radiation-related effects.
“its use is believed to pose a potential risk of cancer and other radiation-related effects. 2 3”
From Establishing Diagnostic Reference Level for Adult Abdomen and Pelvis CT Scans: A Benchmarking Study across BMI Groups (2026) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Lee, K. L., Beveridge, T., Sanagou, M., & Thomas, P.
- Affiliations
- Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Kam L.
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-02-10
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-15
- ISSN
- 2051-3895 (ISSN-L)
- 2051-3909
- PMC
- PMC7063242
- OpenAlex
- W3006050774
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 3.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Australian Government
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiation Dose and Imaging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Radiology practices and education
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Radiation › Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques
- Keywords
- diagnostic reference levels, computed tomography, radiation dose, patient survey data, dose-length product, head CT, spine CT, abdominal CT, lumbar spine CT, chest CT
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Australia, Humans, Radiation Dosage, Radiology, Reference Standards, Societies, Medical, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Practice Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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