The placenta‐brain‐axis

Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.

doi:10.1002/jnr.24603

Cited by 280Birth, Development, and HealthMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumPregnancy and preeclampsia studies

The placenta‐brain‐axis

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Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.·2021·Journal of Neuroscience Research

DOI 10.1002/jnr.24603PMC PMC7483131

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Abstract

All mammalian species depend on the placenta, a transient organ, for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between the mother and conceptus. Besides serving as a conduit for such exchanges, the placenta produces hormones and other factors that influence maternal physiology and fetal development. To meet all of these adaptations, the placenta has evolved to become the most structurally diverse organ within all mammalian taxa. However, commonalities exist as to how placental responses promote survival against in utero threats and can alter the trajectory of fetal development, in particular the brain. Increasing evidence suggests that reactions of the placenta to various in utero stressors may lead to long‐standing health outcomes, otherwise considered developmental origin of health and disease effects. Besides transferring nutrients and gases, the placenta produces neurotransmitters, including serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine/epinephrine, that may circulate and influence brain development. Neurobehavioral disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, likely trace their origins back to placental disturbances. This intimate relationship between the placenta and brain has led to coinage of the term, the placenta‐brain‐axis. This axis will be the focus herein, including how conceptus sex might influence it, and technologies employed to parse out the effects of placental‐specific transcript expression changes on later neurobehavioral disorders. Ultimately, the placenta might provide a historical record of in utero threats the fetus confronted and a roadmap to understand how placenta responses to such encounters impacts the placental‐brain‐axis. Improved early diagnostic and preventative approaches may thereby be designed to mitigate such placental disruptions.

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External neurotransmitter sources, such as the placenta, can play a role in the early shaping of cortical areas.
“External neurotransmitter sources, such as the placenta, can play a role in this early shaping of cortical areas [114, 118, 241, 242].”
From Development of prefrontal cortex (2022) · cites this paper as [241]
The Placental Production of Neurotransmitters section says placental neurotransmitters can influence early fetal brain development; its Serotonin subsection describes effects on neuronal migration, differentiation, and synaptogenesis. Our copy does not specifically connect those effects to the early shaping of cortical areas. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Development of prefrontal cortex
Kolk, S. M., & Rakic, P. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01137-9 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
“External neurotransmitter sources, such as the placenta, can play a role in this early shaping of cortical areas [114, 118, 241, 242].”
Background
Transcriptomics and Other Omics Approaches to Investigate Effects of Xenobiotics on the Placenta
Rosenfeld, C. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.723656 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prenatal earthquake stress exposure in different gestational trimesters is associated with methylation changes in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and long-term working memory in adulthood
Wang, R., Wang, J., Xu, S., Wang, L., Song, M., An, C., & Wang, X. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01945-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Hybrid Model for Fetal Growth Restriction Assessment by Automatic Placental Radiomics on <scp>T2</scp>‐Weighted <scp>MRI</scp> and Multifeature Fusion
Li, R., Song, F., Zhou, Q., Wu, W., Cao, Y., Zhang, G., Qian, Z., & Wang, L. (2025) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.29399 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Authors: Rosenfeld, C. S.
Affiliations: University of Missouri (US)
Corresponding author: Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.
ORCID: Rosenfeld, Cheryl S.
Venue: Journal of Neuroscience Research
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2020-02-27
Volume: 99
Issue: 1
Pages: 271-283
ISSN: 0360-4012 (ISSN-L)
1097-4547
DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24603
PMC: PMC7483131
OpenAlex: W3008780590
Cited by: 280
References: 126
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 53 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 8
FWCI: 6.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1R01ES025547)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
Keywords: placenta, fetal brain development, developmental origins of health and disease, placental hormones, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, autism spectrum disorder, neurobehavioral disorders, maternal-fetal exchange
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Female, Humans, Male, Placenta, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Fetal Development, Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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