Tailoring Hydrocarbon Polymers and All‐Hydrocarbon Composites for Circular Economy
Abstract
The world population will rapidly grow from 7 to 9 billion by 2050 and this will parallel a surging annual plastics consumption from today's 350 million tons to well beyond 1 billion tons. The switch from a linear economy with its throwaway culture to a circular economy with efficient reuse of waste plastics is therefore mandatory. Hydrocarbon polymers, accounting for more than half the world's plastics production, enable closed‐loop recycling and effective product‐stewardship systems. High‐molar‐mass hydrocarbons serve as highly versatile, cost‐, resource‐, eco‐ and energy‐efficient, durable lightweight materials produced by solvent‐free, environmentally benign catalytic olefin polymerization. Nanophase separation and alignment of unentangled hydrocarbon polymers afford 100% recyclable self‐reinforcing all‐hydrocarbon composites without requiring the addition of either alien fibers or hazardous nanoparticles. Recycling of durable hydrocarbons is far superior to biodegradation. The facile thermal degradation enables liquefaction and quantitative recovery of low molar mass hydrocarbon oil and gas. Teamed up with biomass‐to‐liquid and carbon dioxide‐to‐fuel conversions, powered by renewable energy, waste hydrocarbons serve as renewable hydrocarbon feedstocks for the synthesis of high molar mass hydrocarbon materials. Herein, an overview is given on how innovations in catalyst and process technology enable tailoring of advanced recyclable hydrocarbon materials meeting the needs of sustainable development and a circular economy.
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Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste
Vollmer, I., Jenks, M. J. F., Roelands, M. C. P., White, R. J., van Harmelen, T., de Wild, P., van der Laan, G. P., Meirer, F., Keurentjes, J. T. F., & Weckhuysen, B. M. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201915651 · Cited by 1,905 · see citing works
Closed-loop recycling of polyethylene-like materials
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Faria, D. J., Carvalho, A. P. A. D., & Conte-Junior, C. A. (2023) · Fermentation · doi:10.3390/fermentation9100920 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hees, T., Zhong, F., Stürzel, M., & Mülhaupt, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Mülhaupt, Rolf
- Venue
- Macromolecular Rapid Communications
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-11-12
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e1800608-e1800608
- ISSN
- 1022-1336 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3927
- OpenAlex
- W2900882724
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 206
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Macromolecular Rapid Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (03XP0054C)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer composites and self-healing
- Keywords
- hydrocarbon polymers, circular economy, waste plastic recycling, closed-loop recycling, nanophase separation, thermal degradation, biomass-to-liquids, polymer catalysts
- MeSH terms
- Hydrocarbons, Polymers
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