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Cited by 1,905Polymer crystallization and propertiesWaste Management and RecyclingRecycling and Waste Management Techniques

Beyond Mechanical Recycling: Giving New Life to Plastic Waste

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Vollmer, Ina, Jenks, Michael J. F., Roelands, Mark C. P., White, Robin J., van Harmelen, Toon, de Wild, Paul, van der Laan, Gerard P., Meirer, Florian +2 more·2020·Angewandte Chemie International Edition
DOI 10.1002/anie.201915651PMC PMC7497176
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Abstract

Increasing the stream of recycled plastic necessitates an approach beyond the traditional recycling via melting and re‐extrusion. Various chemical recycling processes have great potential to enhance recycling rates. In this Review, a summary of the various chemical recycling routes and assessment via life‐cycle analysis is complemented by an extensive list of processes developed by companies active in chemical recycling. We show that each of the currently available processes is applicable for specific plastic waste streams. Thus, only a combination of different technologies can address the plastic waste problem. Research should focus on more realistic, more contaminated and mixed waste streams, while collection and sorting infrastructure will need to be improved, that is, by stricter regulation. This Review aims to inspire both science and innovation for the production of higher value and quality products from plastic recycling suitable for reuse or valorization to create the necessary economic and environmental push for a circular economy.

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  • Mechanical recycling of post-consumer sorted polymers is hampered by deterioration of materials performance.

    “desirable re-utilisation of post-consumer sorted polymers ('mechanical recycling') is hampered by deterioration of materials performance.”

    From Closed-loop recycling of polyethylene-like materials (2021) · cites this paper as [1]

  • During carbonization, polypropylene undergoes random cleavage of C-C bonds to form oligomers, which then undergoes β-Cracking to further decomposes into small molecules such as hydrogen, methane, and propylene, which are then catalyzed and carbonized to form carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon spheres.

    “During the carbonization process, polypropylene undergoes random cleavage of C-C bonds to form oligomers, which then undergoes β-Cracking to further decomposes into small molecules such as hydrogen, methane, and propylene, which are then catalyzed and carbonized to form carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon spheres (Vollmer et al. 2020).”

    From Conversion of waste plastics into value-added carbon materials (2023) · cites this paper as Vollmer et al. 2020

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Authors
Vollmer, I., Jenks, M. J. F., Roelands, M. C. P., White, R. J., van Harmelen, T., de Wild, P., van der Laan, G. P., Meirer, F., Keurentjes, J. T. F., & Weckhuysen, B. M.
Affiliations
  • Utrecht University (NL)
  • Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (NL)
  • The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Climate, Air & Sustainability Department Utrecht The Netherlands
  • Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (ECN)- part of TNO, Biomass & Energy Efficiency Petten The Netherlands
  • University of Twente (NL)
Corresponding author
Weckhuysen, Bert M.
ORCID
Venue
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2020-06-25
Volume
59
Issue
36
Pages
15402-15423
ISSN
  • 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
  • 1521-3773
DOI
10.1002/anie.201915651
PMC
PMC7497176
OpenAlex
W3012481340
Cited by
1,905
References
174
Citations by year
2026: 346 · 2025: 394 · 2024: 398 · 2023: 327 · 2022: 267 · 2021: 149 · 2020: 24
FWCI
11.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Twente Research Information (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
  • TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (MCEC, Zwaartekracht Programma, ARC CBBC Consortium)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Recycling and Waste Management Techniques
Keywords
chemical recycling, plastic waste, plastic recycling, life cycle assessment, mechanical recycling, mixed waste streams, circular economy, plastic valorization, recycling technology

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