Profile of Functional Limitations and Task Performance Among People With Early- and Middle-Stage Parkinson Disease
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Overall functional ability declines over time in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Established benchmarks are needed to allow clinicians and researchers to facilitate meaningful interpretation of data. OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were: (1) to report typical values for standard measures of functional ability commonly used in intervention studies and clinical practice with individuals in the early and middle stages of PD and (2) to describe the profile of functional limitations using the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages of disease and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 5 different studies. METHODS: Three hundred thirty-nine patients were evaluated for disease severity (UPDRS motor score); functional capacity (Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance Test [CS-PFP]); balance and gait (Functional Reach Test [FRT], Timed "Up & Go" Test [TUG], 360-degree turn, Six-Minute Walk Test [6MWT], and Two-Minute Walk Test); and basic functional activities (supine-to-stand task, stand-to-supine task, and functional axial rotation [FAR]). RESULTS: The mean UPDRS motor score for the sample was 39.2 (SD=12.93). At each stage of PD (from least to most involved), scores on functional measures indicated a significant and progressively reduced functional status. Limitations began early in the disease for the CS-PFP and FAR. Losses in performance were consistent across all stages of disease for the CS-PFP, FRT, 6MWT, and FAR. Several measures demonstrated meaningful losses of function only in later stages of disease. Findings extend current appreciation of functional limitations that begin early in PD and can guide the choice of functional outcome measures at different stages of disease severity. LIMITATIONS: Data were obtained only from participants in H&Y stages 1 through 3 and only for some of the performance measures typically used. CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate that functional loss occurs at different points in the disease process, depending on the task under consideration. The resulting profile of functional limitations provides benchmarks that clinicians and researchers can use to interpret and monitor status of patients.
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There is a discontinuous mapping between motor performance during active, maximum capacity testing and patients' functional capacity in daily life.
“There is a discontinuous mapping between motor performance during active, maximum capacity testing and patients' functional capacity in daily life.69”
From Evaluation of smartphone‐based testing to generate exploratory outcome measures in a phase 1 Parkinson's disease clinical trial (2018) · cites this paper as [69]
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“There is a discontinuous mapping between motor performance during active, maximum capacity testing and patients’ functional capacity in daily life.(69) For this reason, motor behavioral data acquired from continuous passive monitoring while patients go about their daily lives represent a critical complement to the cli…”
BackgroundExercise for people in early- or mid-stage Parkinson disease: a 16-month randomized controlled trial
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Schenkman, M., Ellis, T., Christiansen, C., Barón, A. E., Tickle-Degnen, L., Hall, D. A., & Wagenaar, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schenkman, Margaret
- Venue
- Physical Therapy
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-09-01
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1339-1354
- ISSN
- 0031-9023 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-6724
- PMC
- PMC3169785
- OpenAlex
- W2152354844
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 18.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (5-P60-11268, NAG21152)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG021152)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000051, MO1-RR00051)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD043770)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, functional limitations, functional capacity, disease severity, Hoehn and Yahr stage, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, UPDRS motor score, balance, gait, functional reach test, Timed Up and Go test, 6-minute walk test, 2-minute walk test, functional outcome measures, early-stage Parkinson's disease
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Severity of Illness Index, Task Performance and Analysis, Chi-Square Distribution, Linear Models, Statistics, Nonparametric, Physical Therapy Modalities
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