Water diffusion in the giant axon of the squid: implications for diffusion-weighted MRI of the nervous system
Abstract
To clarify the result that marked diffusional anisotropy had been found in nomyelinated nerve, and in completion of an evaluation of the role of all longitudinal axonal structures, we report NMR measurements of water diffusion in the giant axon of the squid, where diffusional anisotropy is determined by the neurofilamentary structure. The diffusion coefficients of water parallel and perpendicular to the long axis of the squid giant axon at 20 degrees C are (1.61 +/- 0.06) x 10(-5) cm2 s-1 and (1.33 +/- 0.09) x 10(-5) cm2 s-1, respectively, which yield an anisotropic diffusion ratio of 1.2 +/- 0.1. Water diffusion in the squid giant axon is therefore quite rapid and nearly isotropic, thus eliminating the possibility of a significant role for the longitudinally oriented neurofilaments in producing diffusional anisotropy within the axoplasm. In conjunction with our work on garfish nerves therefore, only membranes, either as numerous axonal membranes or as myelin (if present), remain to fulfill the role of the primary determinant of anisotropic water diffusion in nerve and in white matter.
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When interpreting DTI indices as measures of white matter microstructure, they are influenced not only by biological properties of white matter such as axon myelin, diameter, and density but also by the orientational complexity and organisation of the fibre architecture.
“When interpreting DTI indices as measures of white matter microstructure, it is important to recognise that they are not only influenced by biological properties of white matter such as axon myelin, diameter, and density but also by the orientational complexity and organisation of the fibre architecture (Beaulieu and Allen, 1994).”
From The cingulum bundle: Anatomy, function, and dysfunction (2018) · cites this paper as Beaulieu and Allen, 1994
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- Authors
- Beaulieu, C., & Allen, P. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Allen, Peter S.
- ORCID
- Beaulieu, Christian
- Venue
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 579-583
- ISSN
- 0740-3194 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2594
- OpenAlex
- W2005760428
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › NMR spectroscopy and applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- water diffusion, squid giant axon, diffusion-weighted imaging, neurofilaments, axoplasm, myelin, axonal membrane, white matter, diffusion coefficient
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Cell Membrane, Computer Simulation, Cytoplasm, Diffusion, Image Enhancement, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Neurological, Monte Carlo Method, Myelin Sheath, Nervous System, Neurofibrils, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Water, Decapodiformes
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