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The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cell death in the neighbourhood: direct microenvironmental effects of apoptosis in normal and neoplastic tissues

Open access
Gregory, Christopher D, Pound, John D·2011·The Journal of Pathology

Abstract

Here we consider the impact of the physiological cell‐death programme on normal tissue homeostasis and on disease pathogenesis, with particular reference to evolution and progression of neoplasia. We seek to describe the direct contributions played by apoptosis in creating the microenvironments of normal and malignant tissues and to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the elements of the ‘3Rs’ that define the meaning of apoptosis: recognition, response, and removal. Apoptotic cells elicit responses in other cell types—both phagocytic and non‐phagocytic—through short‐ and long‐range signalling modes that range from direct contact to intercellular communication via membrane‐bound microparticles. Such cellular responses include migration, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as production of immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory mediators together with, in the case of phagocytes, engulfment, and breakdown of apoptotic cells. In normal tissues, the removal of apoptotic cells is rapid and typically non‐phlogistic. We discuss the importance of this clearance process in tissue homeostasis and the consequences of its failure in disease pathogenesis. Using the typical cell culture environment in vitro as an illustrative example in which apoptosis occurs commonly in the absence of the removal mechanisms, we also discuss the inhibitory effects of persistent apoptotic cells on their otherwise viable neighbours. Since apoptosis is a common and sustained event in high‐grade malignancies, we hypothesize on its purposeful role in conditioning the tumour microenvironment. We propose that apoptosis subserves several pro‐tumour functions—trophic, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory—and we identify strategies targeting host responses to apoptotic cells as promising modes of future therapies that could be applied to multiple cancer types in which tumour‐cell apoptosis is active. Copyright © 2010 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Metadata

Authors
Gregory, C. D., & Pound, J. D.
Venue
The Journal of Pathology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-10-25
Volume
223
Issue
2
Pages
178-195
ISSN
  • 0022-3417 (ISSN-L)
  • 1096-9896
OpenAlex
W1985915754
Cited by
215
References
24
FWCI
7.03
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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