Cited by 559Phagocytosis and Immune RegulationCell death mechanisms and regulationAutophagy in Disease and Therapy

Beginnings of a Good Apoptotic Meal: The Find-Me and Eat-Me Signaling Pathways

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Ravichandran, Kodi S.·2011·Immunity

Abstract

Prompt and efficient clearance of apoptotic cells is necessary to prevent secondary necrosis of dying cells and to avoid immune responses to autoantigens. Recent studies have shed light on how apoptotic cells through soluble "find-me" signals advertise their presence to phagocytes at the earliest stages of cell death. Phagocytes sense the find-me signal gradient, and in turn the presence of dying cells, and migrate to their vicinity. The apoptotic cells also expose specific "eat-me" signals on their surface that are recognized by phagocytes through specific engulfment receptors. This review covers the recent progress in the areas of find-me and eat-me signals and how these relate to prompt and immunologically silent clearance of apoptotic cells.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2011.09.004

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  • Necrotic cell death is accompanied by release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as cytoplasmic heat shock proteins and HMGB-1, which trigger pro-inflammatory signals.

    “Necrotic cell death is therefore accompanied by release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as cytoplasmic heat shock proteins (HSP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1), which trigger pro-inflammatory signals (145).”

    From Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria (2015) · cites this paper as [145]

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Tyurin VA Tyurina YY Kochanek PM Hamilton R DeKosky ST Greenberger JS Bayir H Kagan VE 2008 Oxidative lipidomics of programmed cell death Methods Enzymol 442 375 393 18662580
  2. Wilkin F Stordeur P Goldman M Boeynaems JM Robaye B 2002 Extracellular adenine nucleotides modulate cytokine production by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: dual effect on IL-12 and stimulation of IL-10 Eur J Immunol 32 2409 2417 12207325
  3. Witte ON Kabarowski JH Xu Y Le LQ Zhu K 2005 Retraction Science 307 206 15653487

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Authors
Ravichandran, K. S.
Affiliations
University of Virginia (US)
Corresponding author
Ravichandran, Kodi S.
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-10
Volume
35
Issue
4
Pages
445-455
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2048727571
Cited by
559
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 61 · 2012: 35
FWCI
4.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-064709, R01GM055761, R01GM064709)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
Keywords
efferocytosis, find-me signals, eat-me signals, phagocyte migration, engulfment receptor, secondary necrosis, self-tolerance, phagocytosis
MeSH terms
Animals, Humans, Phagocytes, Receptors, Cell Surface, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis

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