Combining Trait Models of Impulsivity to Improve Explanation of Substance Use Behaviour
Abstract
The UPPS–P model of impulsivity is gaining popularity among personality and substance use researchers, but questions remain as to whether its five facets have incremental validity in explaining substance use over a more parsimonious model specifying only two facets: reward drive and rash impulsiveness. In three cross–sectional studies (total N = 486), we investigated whether the novel components of the UPPS–P model (negative Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation seeking, Positive urgency) predicted typical and problematic alcohol and cannabis use after accounting for reward drive, rash impulsiveness and trait neuroticism (assessed with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire). Reward drive and rash impulsiveness scores were calculated using principal components analysis of multiple scales, including UPPS–P premeditation and sensation seeking. Results showed that rash impulsiveness was a robust predictor of typical and problematic substance use. The novel facets of the UPPS–P did not improve prediction of typical substance use. The urgency scales inconsistently predicted problematic use. Specifically, negative urgency predicted one of three measures of negative consequences from alcohol use, and positive urgency only predicted negative consequences from cannabis use. Results suggest that the three novel facets of the UPPS–P model add little over a two component model in explaining substance use, although may provide preliminary evidence for the utility of a revised global urgency construct in explaining problematic substance use. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Positive and negative urgency are affect-related impulsivity traits that play a crucial role in addictive-like behaviours and are strong trans-diagnostic predictors of psychopathological symptoms.
“Positive and negative urgency are affect-related impulsivity traits that play a crucial role in addictive-like behaviours41–44 and also constitute strong trans-diagnostic predictors of psychopathological symptoms (for a meta-analysis, see45).”
From Emotion-related impulsivity moderates the cognitive interference effect of smartphone availability on working memory (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.
Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319 · Cited by 7,306 · see citing works
(2001) · Cited by 5,455 · see citing works
Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(00)00064-7 · Cited by 4,123 · see citing works
A revised version of the Psychoticism scale
Eysenck, S. B. G., Eysenck, H. J., & Barrett, P. (1985) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(85)90026-1 · Cited by 3,094 · see citing works
Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: neuroimaging findings and clinical implications
Goldstein, R. Z., & Volkow, N. D. (2011) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3119 · Cited by 2,749 · see citing works
Regression Models for Count Data in R
Zeileis, A., Kleiber, C., & Jackman, S. D. (2008) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v027.i08 · Cited by 2,353 · see citing works
Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes
de Wit, H. (2009) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2008.00129.x · Cited by 1,415 · see citing works
Verdejo‐García, A., Lawrence, A. J., & Clark, L. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.11.003 · Cited by 1,414 · see citing works
Cyders, M. A., Smith, G. T., Spillane, N. S., Fischer, S., Annus, A. M., & Peterson, C. (2007) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.19.1.107 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): A review of recent research
Reinert, D. F., & Allen, J. P. (2002) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02534.x · Cited by 1,143 · see citing works
Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: positive and negative urgency
Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0013341 · Cited by 1,136 · see citing works
Adamson, S. J., KAY‐LAMBKIN, F. J., Baker, A., Lewin, T. J., Thornton, L. K., Kelly, B. J., & Sellman, J. D. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.017 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
The role of impulsivity in the development of substance use and eating disorders
Dawe, S., & Loxton, N. J. (2004) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.03.007 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
Pierce, R. C., & Kumaresan, V. (2006) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.04.016 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Sex differences in impulsivity: A meta-analysis.
Cross, C. P., Copping, L. T., & Campbell, A. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0021591 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
The VGAM Package for Categorical Data Analysis
Yee, T. W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v032.i10 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Chen, P., & Jacobson, K. C. (2012) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.05.013 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Sharma, L., Markon, K. E., & Clark, L. A. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0034418 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Berg, J. M., Latzman, R. D., Bliwise, N. G., & Lilienfeld, S. O. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000111 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Statistically controlling for confounding constructs is harder than you think
Westfall, J., & Yarkoni, T. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152719 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Coskunpinar, A., Dir, A. L., & Cyders, M. A. (2013) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12131 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Reward drive and rash impulsiveness as dimensions of impulsivity: Implications for substance misuse
Dawe, S., Gullo, M. J., & Loxton, N. J. (2004) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.06.004 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Impulsivity-related personality traits and adolescent alcohol use: A meta-analytic review
Stautz, K., & Cooper, A. J. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.03.003 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Self-citationPersonality and substance use disorders: A prospective study.
Sher, K. J., Bartholow, B. D., & Wood, M. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.818 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Experimental manipulation of attentional bias increases the motivation to drink alcohol
Field, M., & Eastwood, B. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0202-5 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Integrating affect and impulsivity: The role of positive and negative urgency in substance use risk
Smith, G. T., & Cyders, M. A. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.038 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Positive urgency predicts illegal drug use and risky sexual behavior.
Zapolski, T. C. B., Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2009) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0014684 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Settles, R. E., Fischer, S., Cyders, M. A., Combs, J. L., Gunn, R. L., & Smith, G. T. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024948 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Adams, Z. W., Kaiser, A. J., Lynam, D. R., Charnigo, R. J., & Milich, R. S. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.016 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Townshend, J. M. (2002) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/37.2.187 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Impulsivity and adolescent substance use: Rashly dismissed as “all-bad”?
Gullo, M. J., & Dawe, S. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.06.003 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Longitudinal validation of the acquired preparedness model of drinking risk.
Settles, R. F., Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0017631 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Smillie, L. D., Jackson, C. J., & Dalgleish, L. I. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.10.012 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Negative Urgency, Distress Tolerance, and substance abuse among college students
Kaiser, A. J., Milich, R. S., Lynam, D. R., & Charnigo, R. J. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.04.017 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Impulsivity: Four Ways Five Factors are Not Basic to Addiction
Gullo, M. J., Loxton, N. J., & Dawe, S. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.002 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Simons, J. S., Dvorak, R. D., Batien, B. D., & Wray, T. B. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.07.001 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Gonzalez, V. M., Reynolds, B. A., & Skewes, M. C. (2011) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0022720 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Neal, D. J., Corbin, W. R., & Fromme, K. (2006) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.4.402 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Cyders, M. A., Zapolski, T. C. B., Combs, J. L., Settles, R. F., Fillmore, M. T., & Smith, G. T. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0019494 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
A Comparison of Two Models of Urgency
Smith, G. T., Guller, L., & Zapolski, T. C. B. (2013) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702612470647 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Gray’s impulsivity dimension: A distinction between Reward Sensitivity versus Rash Impulsiveness
Franken, I. H. A., & Muris, P. (2006) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.016 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Brain structure correlates of emotion-based rash impulsivity
Muhlert, N., & Lawrence, A. D. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.061 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Selected impulsivity facets with alcohol use/problems: The mediating role of drinking motives
Curcio, A. L., & George, A. M. (2011) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.05.007 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Gunn, R. L., & Smith, G. T. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0020334 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
The Cannabis Problems Questionnaire: Factor structure, reliability, and validity
Copeland, J., Gilmour, S., Gates, P., & Swift, W. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.04.009 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Impulsivity”: Relations between self-report and behavior.
Sharma, L., Kohl, K. L., Morgan, T. A., & Clark, L. A. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031181 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Exploring the unique and interactive roles of distress tolerance and negative urgency in obsessions
Cougle, J. R., Timpano, K. R., & Goetz, A. R. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.017 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Cyders, M. A., Džemidžić, M., Eiler, W. J. A., Coskunpinar, A., Karyadi, K. A., & Kareken, D. A. (2013) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12266 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms, negative urgency and substance use initiation in adolescents
Pang, R. D., Farrahi, L. N., Glazier, S., Sussman, S. Y., & Leventhal, A. M. (2014) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.771 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Effects of reward sensitivity and regional brain volumes on substance use initiation in adolescence
Urošević, S., Collins, P. F., Muetzel, R. L., Schissel, A. M., Lim, K. O., & Luciana, M. M. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu022 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Anestis, M. D., Smith, A. R., Fink, E. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9201-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Marijuana and self-regulation: Examining likelihood and intensity of use and problems
Dvorak, R. D., & Day, A. M. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.001 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Externalizing behavior, the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior scale and Reward and Punishment Sensitivity
Carlson, S. R., Pritchard, A., & Dominelli, R. M. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.08.039 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Birkley, E. L., & Smith, G. T. (2011) · Current Drug Abuse Reviews · doi:10.2174/1874473711104040215 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
When you see it, let it be: Urgency, mindfulness and adolescent substance use
Robinson, J. M., Ladd, B. O., & Anderson, K. G. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.02.011 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Gullo, M., Ward, E., Dawe, S., Powell, J., & Jackson, C. (2011) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2010.11.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Albein-Urios, N., Verdejo-Román, J., Soriano-Mas, C., Asensio, S., Martínez-González, J. M., & Verdéjo-Garcia, A. (2013) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.04.012 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Stautz, K., & Cooper, A. J. (2013) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0034346 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationCoskunpinar, A., & Cyders, M. A. (2012) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.014 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Positive affective states and alcohol consumption: The moderating role of trait positive urgency
Dinc, L., & Cooper, A. J. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.03.014 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationStojek, M. M., & Fischer, S. F. (2013) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01875.x · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Heym, N., & Lawrence, C. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.07.021 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Development of a short cannabis problems questionnaire for adolescents in the community
Proudfoot, H., Vogl, L., Swift, W., Martin, G., & Copeland, J. (2010) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.03.012 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wray, T. B., Simons, J. S., & Dvorak, R. D. (2011) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0023614 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Stautz, K., & Cooper, A. J. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.07.010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Canale, N., Vieno, A., Doro, M., Rosa Mineo, E., Marino, C., & Billieux, J. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-54911-7 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Zhou, B., Gek Mui, L., Li, J., & Hu, J. (2024) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2024.108353 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Stautz, K., Dinc, L., & Cooper, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Goldsmiths University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Stautz, Kaidy
- Venue
- European Journal of Personality
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2017-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 118-132
- ISSN
- 0890-2070 (ISSN-L)
- 1099-0984
- OpenAlex
- W2570535031
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
- Goldsmiths (University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- UWL Repository (University of West London) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- impulsivity, negative urgency, positive urgency, premeditation, sensation seeking, perseverance, problematic substance use, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, trait neuroticism, incremental validity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
