Cited by 3,461Attachment and Relationship DynamicsEmotions and Moral BehaviorResilience and Mental Health

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Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping

Lazarus, Richard S., Folkman, Susan·1987·European Journal of Personality

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Abstract

In this article we examine the fundamental premises of our cognitive‐relational theory of emotion and coping and assess our progress in examining them through 10 years of programmatic empirical research. Our discussion involves the metatheoretical topics of transaction and relationship, process, and emotion as a system. The person‐environment relationship is mediated by two key processess: cognitive appraisal and coping. We evaluate the findings of our research on these processes, their dynamic interplay, their antecedents, and their short‐term and long‐term outcomes. In the final section we highlight major substantive and methodological issues that need to be addressed. These include issues surrounding the theory and measurement of appraisal, functional and dysfunctional coping, causal inference, microanalytic vs macroanalytic research strategies, objective vs subjective approaches and confounding, and the problem of method variance.

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“Stress is fundamentally subjective (Lazarus & Folkman, 1987 ) involving appraisal of events, resources and their resultant coping responses.”
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“…life stress in the sample may reflect a level of resilience that normalizes life stressors such that second generation Black emerging adult college students mobilize resources to meet the demands of these stressors more effectively than other forms of measured stress (Lazarus & Folkman, 1987).”
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“Whilst the planning or problem-focused coping (e.g., Lazarus & Cohen, 1973; Lazarus & Folkman, 1987) is clearly useful to the participants, they talked about the noise being a pervasive and at times overwhelming issue for them, and the somewhat unpredictable nature of noise meant that planning was…”
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“The framework provided by Lazarus and Folkman (1987) and Carver et al. (1989) was used as a guide for organising the codes that were already identified.”
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“Two constructs central to this approach are ‘cognitive appraisal’ and ‘coping’ (Lazarus and Folkman 1987).”
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“Lazarus and Folkman (1987), however, caution against the complete neglect of causality and suggest the use longitudinal research with adequate time windows to test predictive directions among variables.”
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Authors: Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author: Lazarus, Richard S.
Venue: European Journal of Personality
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1987-09
Volume: 1
Issue: 3
Pages: 141-169
ISSN: 0890-2070 (ISSN-L)
1099-0984
DOI: 10.1002/per.2410010304
OpenAlex: W2106232823
Semantic Scholar: 61c4bdaca0b53fc1a9736b946f6a3f5ddd1759b2
Cited by: 3,053
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 264 · 2025: 276 · 2024: 215 · 2023: 246 · 2022: 236 · 2021: 273 · 2020: 247 · 2019: 163 · 2018: 137 · 2017: 116 · 2016: 104 · 2015: 81 · 2014: 95 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 68
FWCI: 15.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: European Journal of Personality (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
Keywords: transactional theory, emotions, coping, cognitive appraisal, person-environment relationship, causal inference, confounding, method variance, emotion measurement

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Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping

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