The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Posner et al. (1982) conceptual change model emphasises the view of status as being fundamental to the learning process, arguing that in order for a new conception to be incorporated into a student's schema, the status of the conception must fulfill a number of conditions.”
From FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN A COOPERATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: EVALUATING THEIR ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE STATUS OF THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS ABOUT MATTER (2013) · cites this paper as Posner et al. (1982)
In the citing paper
“According to Posner et al. (1982), the conditions necessary for conceptual change are dissatisfaction with existing ideas, intelligibility, plausibility, and fruitfulness of the new competing conception often referred to as conceptual status.”
From FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN A COOPERATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: EVALUATING THEIR ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE STATUS OF THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS ABOUT MATTER (2013) · cites this paper as Posner et al. (1982)
In the citing paper
“This observation is consistent with the conceptual change model (Posner et al., 1982).”
From FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN A COOPERATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: EVALUATING THEIR ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE STATUS OF THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS ABOUT MATTER (2013) · cites this paper as Posner et al., 1982
In the citing paper
“Posner et al. (1982) have argued that an alternative theory will not be accepted unless it is intelligible.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Posner et al. (1982)
In the citing paper
“T. Kuhn (1962) has argued that scientists will not give up a theory unless there is a plausible alternative theory available, and Posner et al. (1982) have made essentially the same argument about science learners.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Posner et al. (1982)
Citations
Cites
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn, T. S., & Schlegel, R. (1963) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3050879 · Cited by 35,538
THE STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS
McGuire, J. E. (1963) · Philosophical Books · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0149.1963.tb00813.x · Cited by 8,547
Neisser, U. (1976) · Cited by 4,903
Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
Lakatos, I. (1970) · Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139171434.009 · Cited by 4,649 · cited 1×
“Irme Lakatos ( 1970) labels scientists’ central commitments as their “theoretical hard core” and suggests that these commitments generate “research programs” designed to apply them to and defend them from experience.”
Background(1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,505
Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
Lakatos, I. (1976) · Can Theories be Refuted? · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1863-0_14 · Cited by 3,915
The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change
Kuhn, T. S. (1977) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226217239.001.0001 · Cited by 3,861
Toward a Theory of Instruction
McGuire, M. T. (1966) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-196611000-00010 · Cited by 2,950
Child's Conception of the World
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315006215 · Cited by 2,689
Neisser, U. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,502
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Ausubel D. P., 1968, Educational psychology: A cognitive viewpoint
- Belth M., 1977, The process of thinking
- Driver R.The representation of conceptual frameworks in young adolescent science students. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 1973.
- French A. P., 1968, Special relativity
- Toulmin S., 1972, Human understanding
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 2,101–2,200 of 5,174
O’Neill, D. K., Guloy, S., & Sensoy, Ö. (2013) · The Social Studies · doi:10.1080/00377996.2013.763524 · Cited by 13
Wheeldon, R. (2011) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-011-9333-0 · Cited by 13
Effectiveness of refutational teaching for high- and low-achieving students
Kowalski, P., & Taylor, A. K. (2011) · Indiana Magazine of History (Indiana University) · Cited by 13
The Right Kind of Wrong: A “Knowledge in Pieces” Approach to Science Learning in Museums
Davis, P. R., Horn, M., & Sherin, B. L. (2013) · Curator The Museum Journal · doi:10.1111/cura.12005 · Cited by 13
Cognitive Structures of Elementary School Students: What is Science?
Armağan, F. Ö. (2015) · European Journal Of Physics Education · doi:10.20308/ejpe.17882 · Cited by 13
Caymaz, B., & Aydın, A. (2018) · Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.24106/kefdergi.3196 · Cited by 13
Sleegers, W. W. A., Proulx, T., & van Beest, I. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.018 · Cited by 13
Keen, B., Anjoul, F., & Blaszczynski, A. P. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.8.2019.56 · Cited by 13
Jung, J. (2020) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci10040104 · Cited by 13
A tool for measuring ecological literacy: coupled human-ecosystem interactions
Casper, A. M., Fernández‐Giménez, M. E., & Balgopal, M. M. (2020) · The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension · doi:10.1080/1389224x.2020.1780139 · Cited by 13
Spatz, V., Hopf, M., Wilhelm, T. E., Waltner, C., & Wiesner, H. (2020) · European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.30935/scimath/9548 · Cited by 13
Biological Conceptualization of Race
Lee, J., Aini, R. Q., Sya’bandari, Y., Rusmana, A. N., Ha, M., & Shin, S. (2021) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-020-00178-8 · Cited by 13
Taşlıdere, E. (2021) · Participatory Educational Research · doi:10.17275/per.21.87.8.4 · Cited by 13
INVESTIGATING GRADE 10 LEARNERS’ ACHIEVEMENTS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS USING CONCEPTUAL CHANGE MODEL
Tlala, B. M., Kibirige, I., & Osodo, J. (2014) · Journal of Baltic Science Education · doi:10.33225/jbse/14.13.155 · Cited by 13
Lucas, L. L., Helikar, T., & Dauer, J. T. (2022) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2022.2114815 · Cited by 13
Secondary chemistry teacher learning: precursors for and mechanisms of pedagogical conceptual change
Wu, M.-Y. M., & Yezierski, E. J. (2022) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/d2rp00160h · Cited by 13
Cvenić, K. M., Ivanjek, L., Planinić, M., Jeličić, K., Sušac, A., Hopf, M., & Brkic, M. C. (2023) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.19.020118 · Cited by 13
PENGETAHUAN AWAL CALON GURU BIOLOGI TENTANG KONSEP KATABOLISME KARBOHIDRAT (RESPIRASI SELULER)
Rahmatan, H., & Liliasari, L. (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.15294/jpii.v1i1.2019 · Cited by 13
Taber, K. S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45085-7_7 · Cited by 13
Freshman students misconceptions in chemical equilibrium
Erdemir, A. Ö., Geban, Ö., & Uzuntiryaki, E. (2000) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 13
Reducing the degrees of freedom in chemistry classroom conversations
Criswell, B. A. (2011) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/c2rp00002d · Cited by 15
Badillo, R. G., Miranda, R. P., de Gallego, T., & Torres, L. N. (2004) · Ciência & Educação (Bauru) · doi:10.1590/s1516-73132004000200006 · Cited by 13
A study of determination of pre-service chemistry teachers’ understanding about acids and bases
Şendur, G., Özbayrak, Ö., & Uyulgan, M. A. (2011) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.010 · Cited by 13
Ly, B. H., & Brew, C. R. (2010) · The Australian journal of teacher education · doi:10.14221/ajte.2010v35n2.5 · Cited by 13
Prospective Teachers’ Perceptions of Science Theories: An Action Research Study
Concannon, J. P., Brown, P. L., & Brown, E. (2013) · Creative Education · doi:10.4236/ce.2013.41011 · Cited by 13
La enseñanza de la ecología. Un objetivo de la educación ambiental
Manzanal, R. F., & Jiménez, M. C. (1995) · Enseñanza de las Ciencias Revista de investigación y experiencias didácticas · doi:10.5565/rev/ensciencias.4251 · Cited by 13
Richmond, G., Merritt, B. W., Urban‐Lurain, M., & Parker, J. M. (2010) · CBE—Life Sciences Education · doi:10.1187/cbe.09-11-0082 · Cited by 13
Tuan, H., Yu, C.-C., & Chin, C.-C. (2016) · International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.1007/s10763-016-9747-5 · Cited by 13
Order Matters: Sequencing Scale-Realistic Versus Simplified Models to Improve Science Learning
Chen, C., Schneps, M. H., & Sonnert, G. (2016) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1007/s10956-016-9642-4 · Cited by 13
Eye-Tracking as a Research Methodology in Educational Context
Rodrigues, P., & Rosa, P. J. (2018) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-7507-8.ch013 · Cited by 13
Science and common sense: perspectives from philosophy and science education
Green, S. (2016) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-016-1276-9 · Cited by 16
Kahveci, A., Kahveci, M., Mansour, N., & Alarfaj, M. M. (2017) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-016-9606-y · Cited by 13
do Amaral, E. M. R., da Silva, J. R. R. T., & Sabino, J. D. (2018) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/c8rp00050f · Cited by 13
Defining Friction Force: A Proposed Solution to a Textbook Problem
Develi, F., & Namdar, B. (2019) · Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health · doi:10.21891/jeseh.487399 · Cited by 13
Learning science with an interactive simulator: negotiating the practice-theory barrier
Kluge, A. (2019) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2019.1590881 · Cited by 13
Buck, A., Sotiriou, S. A., & Bogner, F. X. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14698-6_9 · Cited by 13
Hasanah, U. (2020) · Science education international · doi:10.33828/sei.v31.i1.1 · Cited by 13
Putri, K., Suhandi, A., Samsudin, A., & Surtiana, Y. (2021) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1806/1/012015 · Cited by 13
Towards a comprehensive conceptualisation of teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs
Markova, Z. (2021) · Cambridge Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/0305764x.2021.1906844 · Cited by 13
Flaig, M., Simonsmeier, B. A., Mayer, A., Rosman, T., Gorges, J., & Schneider, M. (2018) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2018.07.001 · Cited by 13
Tackling misconceptions in introductory physics using multimedia presentations
Muller, D. A., & Sharma, M. D. (2012) · Proceedings of The Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education (formerly UniServe Science Conference) · Cited by 13
Fostering National Identity, Hindering Historical Understanding
Rodríguez, C. L., Carretero, M. M., & Moneo, M. R. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8821-7_11 · Cited by 13
Concept Learning through Writing for Learning: Using Journals in an Introductory Geography Course
Fouberg, E. H. (2000) · Journal of Geography · doi:10.1080/00221340008978968 · Cited by 13
Wood, L., Ebenezer, J., & Boone, R. (2013) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/c3rp00021d · Cited by 13
Stepans, J. I., McClurg, P. A., & Beiswenger, R. E. (1995) · Journal of Science Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/bf02614575 · Cited by 13
Learner-friendly textbooks: Chemistry texts based on a constructivist view of learning
Taşdelen, U., & Köseoğlu, F. (2008) · Asia Pacific Education Review · doi:10.1007/bf03026494 · Cited by 13
Çıbık, A. S., Diken, E. H., & Darçın, E. S. (2008) · Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching · Cited by 13
Outreach Science Education: Evidence-Based Studies in a Gene Technology Lab
Scharfenberg, F., & Bogner, F. X. (2014) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.12973/eurasia.2014.1086a · Cited by 15
Greenwood, A. (1996) · Journal of Elementary Science Education · doi:10.1007/bf03173738 · Cited by 13
A Case Study of Three Childrens' Original Interpretations of the Moon's Changing Appearance
Wilhelm, J. A. (2009) · School Science and Mathematics · doi:10.1111/j.1949-8594.2009.tb18091.x · Cited by 13
Reflexões Críticas sobre as Estratégias Instrucionais Construtivistas na Educação Científica
Laburú, C. E., & Arruda, S. D. M. (2002) · Revista de ensino de física · doi:10.1590/s0102-47442002000400015 · Cited by 13
Genetic epistemology, history of science and science education
Franco, C., & Colinvaux, D. (1992) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/bf00430276 · Cited by 13
Puk, T., & Stibbards, A. (2011) · The International Journal of Environmental and Science Education · Cited by 13
Un modele pedagogique pour ameliorer l'apprentissage des sciences en milieu linguistique minoritaire
Cormier, M., Pruneau, D., Rivard, L. P., & Blain, S. (2004) · Francophonies d Amérique · doi:10.1353/fda.2005.0004 · Cited by 13
Developing emerging leaders using professional learning conversations
Readman, K., & Rowe, J. (2016) · Higher Education Research & Development · doi:10.1080/07294360.2016.1139554 · Cited by 15
Enhancing Elementary Pre-service Teachers’ Plant Processes Conceptions
Thompson, S., Lotter, C. R., Fan, X., & Taylor, L. (2016) · Journal of Science Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/s10972-016-9469-0 · Cited by 13
Examining Elementary Teachers' Explanations of Their Science Content Knowledge.
Greenwood, A., & Scribner-MacLean, M. (1997) · Cited by 13
Todd, A., Romine, W. L., & Correa-Menendez, J. (2017) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-017-9626-2 · Cited by 13
Mayer-Smith, J. A., Pedretti, E. G., & Woodrow, J. E. J. (1998) · Journal of Science Education and Technology · doi:10.1023/a:1022560306730 · Cited by 13
Student beliefs and cognitive structure
Gauld, C. F. (1987) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/bf02357175 · Cited by 13
Conceptual conservatism: An understated variable in human affairs?
Nissani, M. (1994) · The Social Science Journal · doi:10.1016/0362-3319(94)90026-4 · Cited by 13
Enhancing prospective teachers’ conceptions of teaching and science
Kyle, W. C., Abell, S. K., & Shymansky, J. A. (1989) · Journal of Science Teacher Education · doi:10.1007/bf03032127 · Cited by 13
Bao, L., Kim, Y., Raplinger, A., Han, J., & Koenig, K. M. (2014) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1403.0599 · Cited by 14
Improving Teaching and Learning in Introductory Physics
Cahyadi, M. V. (2007) · UC Research Repository (University of Canterbury) · doi:10.26021/6826 · Cited by 13
Tan, K. C. D. (2000) · eSpace (Curtin University) · Cited by 13
Dong, L., Jiang, S., Xu, F., Duan, S., & Hsieh, C. (2025) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/bjet.70024 · Cited by 12
Self‐explanation activities in statics: A knowledge‐building activity to promote conceptual change
Hoz, J. L. D. L., Vieira, C., & Arteta, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/jee.20531 · Cited by 12
Valsecchi, W. M., Delfino, J. M., Santos, J., & Faraj, S. E. (2023) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/d3rp00053b · Cited by 14
Thinking and Learning in Nested Systems: The Individual Level
Talanquer, V., & Kelly, R. M. (2024) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00838 · Cited by 13
Vančugovienė, V., Södervik, I., Lehtinen, E., & McMullen, J. A. (2024) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102436 · Cited by 15
Learning about persons: the effects of text structure and executive capacity on conceptual change
Baadte, C., & Dutke, S. (2012) · European Journal of Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s10212-012-0153-2 · Cited by 12
Effects of two combined methods on the teaching of basic astronomy concepts
Korur, F., Enil, G., & Göçer, G. (2015) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2014.946121 · Cited by 12
Pre-service Elementary Teachers Understanding on Force and Motion
Anggoro, S., Widodo, A., & Suhandi, A. (2017) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/895/1/012151 · Cited by 12
Önder, F., Şenyiğit, Ç., & Sılay, İ. (2018) · European Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1361-6404/aac52a · Cited by 12
Teaching and Learning Inquiry Framework
Molebash, P., Lee, J. K., & Heinecke, W. F. (2019) · Journal of Curriculum and Teaching · doi:10.5430/jct.v8n1p20 · Cited by 12
Reinoso, R., Iglesias, J. D., & Fernández, I. (2019) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2019.1690177 · Cited by 12
Ntshalintshali, G. M., & Clariana, R. B. (2020) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-020-09758-5 · Cited by 12
Adadan, E., & Ataman, M. M. (2020) · Education 3-13 · doi:10.1080/03004279.2020.1854960 · Cited by 12
Predict-observe-explain activities preserve introductory geology students’ self-efficacy
James, N. M., Kreager, B. Z., & LaDue, N. (2021) · Journal of Geoscience Education · doi:10.1080/10899995.2021.1906593 · Cited by 12
Goodhew, L. M., Robertson, A. D., Heron, P. R. L., & Scherr, R. E. (2021) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.17.010137 · Cited by 12
Haydari, V., & Çoştu, B. (2021) · Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health · doi:10.21891/jeseh.840798 · Cited by 12
The Many Metaphors of Energy: Using Analogies as a Formative Assessment Tool.
Lancor, R. A. (2013) · The journal of college science teaching · Cited by 12
Galili, I. (2021) · Science: Philosophy, history and education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80201-1_6 · Cited by 12
History of science based dialogues on sound waves: From sound atoms to phonons
Volfson, A., Eshach, H., & Ben-Abu, Y. (2022) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.18.010123 · Cited by 12
Gulacar, O., Vernoy, B., Tran, E. N., Wu, A., Huie, E. Z., Santos, E. V., Wadhwa, A., Sathe, R. U., & Milkey, A. (2022) · Journal of Chemical Education · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.2c00251 · Cited by 12
Özdemir, E. (2022) · Journal of Science Learning · doi:10.17509/jsl.v5i2.41191 · Cited by 12
Racing Games for Exploring Kinematics: A Computational Thinking Approach
Holbert, N. R., & Wilensky, U. J. (2012) · Cited by 12
Níaz, M. (2000) · Science & Education · doi:10.1023/a:1008612819413 · Cited by 12
Social Studies Teachers’ Interactions with Second Generation Web-Based Educative Curriculum
Callahan, C., Saye, J. W., & Brush, T. A. (2014) · The Journal of Social Studies Research · doi:10.1016/j.jssr.2014.03.002 · Cited by 12
The sky as a topic in science education
Galili, I., Weizman, A., & Cohen, A. (2004) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.10132 · Cited by 12
‘Untangling Sickle-cell Anemia and the Teaching of Heterozygote Protection’
Howe, E. M. (2006) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-005-4712-7 · Cited by 12
The role of cognitive conflict in constructivist theory: An implementation aimed at science teachers
Akpınar, E., Erol, D., & Aydoğdu, B. (2009) · Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.421 · Cited by 12
Petersson, G. (2005) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313830500109592 · Cited by 12
Kinchin, I. M., Hosein, A., Medland, E., Lygo‐Baker, S., Warburton, S., Gash, D., Rees, R., Loughlin, C., Woods, R., Price, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2015.1070398 · Cited by 12
Teaching Controversies in Earth Science: The Role of History and Philosophy of Science
Dolphin, G., & Dodick, J. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_18 · Cited by 12
Working with Students' Ideas in Physical Geography: A Model of Knowledge Development and Application
Lane, R., & Coutts, P. M. (2015) · Geographical education · Cited by 12
Yoon, H., Kim, M., Kim, B. S., Joung, Y. J., & Park, Y. S. (2013) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.12973/eurasia.2013.944a · Cited by 12
Development of a metaconceptual awareness and regulation scale
Kırbulut, Z. D., Uzuntiryaki-Kondakçı, E., & Beeth, M. E. (2016) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2016.1230791 · Cited by 12
Supporting Teacher Educators’ Use of Hypermedia Video-Based Programs
Boling, E. C., & Adams, S. S. (2008) · English Education · doi:10.58680/ee20086688 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Posner, G. J., Strike, K. A., Hewson, P. W., & Gertzog, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- Science Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1982-04
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 211-227
- ISSN
- 0036-8326 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-237X
- OpenAlex
- W1989748540
- Semantic Scholar
- c8a51c04d39bbd568c1295eb5ea18c27f640091f
- Cited by
- 5,187
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 187 · 2025: 175 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 155 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 194 · 2018: 171 · 2017: 193 · 2016: 187 · 2015: 202 · 2014: 202 · 2013: 248 · 2012: 223
- FWCI
- 116.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Science Education and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Evolution and Science Education
- Keywords
- conceptual change, scientific concepts, accommodation, cognitive development, science learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review