The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Posner et al. (1982) conceptual change model emphasises the view of status as being fundamental to the learning process, arguing that in order for a new conception to be incorporated into a student's schema, the status of the conception must fulfill a number of conditions.”
From FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN A COOPERATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: EVALUATING THEIR ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE STATUS OF THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS ABOUT MATTER (2013) · cites this paper as Posner et al. (1982)
In the citing paper
“According to Posner et al. (1982), the conditions necessary for conceptual change are dissatisfaction with existing ideas, intelligibility, plausibility, and fruitfulness of the new competing conception often referred to as conceptual status.”
From FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN A COOPERATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: EVALUATING THEIR ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE STATUS OF THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS ABOUT MATTER (2013) · cites this paper as Posner et al. (1982)
In the citing paper
“This observation is consistent with the conceptual change model (Posner et al., 1982).”
From FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN A COOPERATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: EVALUATING THEIR ABILITY TO DETERMINE THE STATUS OF THEIR OWN CONCEPTIONS ABOUT MATTER (2013) · cites this paper as Posner et al., 1982
In the citing paper
“Posner et al. (1982) have argued that an alternative theory will not be accepted unless it is intelligible.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Posner et al. (1982)
In the citing paper
“T. Kuhn (1962) has argued that scientists will not give up a theory unless there is a plausible alternative theory available, and Posner et al. (1982) have made essentially the same argument about science learners.”
From The role of anomalous data in knowledge acquisition: A theoretical framework and implications for science instruction. (1993) · cites this paper as Posner et al. (1982)
Citations
Cites
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Kuhn, T. S., & Schlegel, R. (1963) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3050879 · Cited by 35,538
THE STRUCTURE OF SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTIONS
McGuire, J. E. (1963) · Philosophical Books · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0149.1963.tb00813.x · Cited by 8,547
Neisser, U. (1976) · Cited by 4,903
Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
Lakatos, I. (1970) · Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139171434.009 · Cited by 4,649 · cited 1×
“Irme Lakatos ( 1970) labels scientists’ central commitments as their “theoretical hard core” and suggests that these commitments generate “research programs” designed to apply them to and defend them from experience.”
Background(1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,505
Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes
Lakatos, I. (1976) · Can Theories be Refuted? · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1863-0_14 · Cited by 3,915
The Essential Tension: Selected Studies in Scientific Tradition and Change
Kuhn, T. S. (1977) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226217239.001.0001 · Cited by 3,861
Toward a Theory of Instruction
McGuire, M. T. (1966) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-196611000-00010 · Cited by 2,950
Child's Conception of the World
Piaget, J. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315006215 · Cited by 2,689
Neisser, U. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,502
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Ausubel D. P., 1968, Educational psychology: A cognitive viewpoint
- Belth M., 1977, The process of thinking
- Driver R.The representation of conceptual frameworks in young adolescent science students. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 1973.
- French A. P., 1968, Special relativity
- Toulmin S., 1972, Human understanding
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,601–1,700 of 5,174
“Conceptual change in science education: Paradigms and language‐games”
Stenhouse, D. (1986) · Science Education · doi:10.1002/sce.3730700407 · Cited by 24
Paper and Pencil Problem Solving in the Physical Sciences as a Research Activity
Gil‐Pérez, D., Dumas‐Carré, A., Caillot, M., & Torregrosa, J. M. (1990) · Studies in Science Education · doi:10.1080/03057269008559985 · Cited by 24
Evolution assessment: introduction to the special issue
Nehm, R. H., & Mead, L. S. (2019) · Evolution Education and Outreach · doi:10.1186/s12052-019-0098-x · Cited by 24
Conceptual Change, Crucial Experiments and Auxiliary Hypotheses. A Theoretical Contribution
Levinas, M. L., & Carretero, M. M. (2010) · Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s12124-010-9139-2 · Cited by 23
Oosterhaven, J., Pell, C. L., Schröder, C. D., Popma, H., Spierenburg, L., Devillé, W. L. J. M., & Wittink, H. M. (2023) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001093 · Cited by 23
Understanding Visitor Engagement and Behaviors
Schreiber, J. B., Pekarik, A. J., Hanemann, N., Doering, Z. D., & Lee, A.-J. (2013) · The Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00220671.2013.833011 · Cited by 23
Stamer, I., Pönicke, H., Tirre, F., Laherto, A., Höffler, T. N., Schwarzer, S., & Parchmann, I. (2019) · Research in Science & Technological Education · doi:10.1080/02635143.2019.1600491 · Cited by 23
Donovan, H. S., Sereika, S. M., Wenzel, L. B., Edwards, R. P., Knapp, J. E., Hughes, S. H., Roberge, M. C., Thomas, T. H., Klein, S. J., Spring, M. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.21.00656 · Cited by 23
McLure, F. I. (2022) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-022-10052-y · Cited by 23
Nordin, A., & Lin, H. L. (2010) · Cited by 23
Modelos mentales, modelos conceptuales y modelización
Greca, I. M., & Moreira, M. A. (1998) · Americanae (AECID Library) · doi:10.5007/6895 · Cited by 23
Whatever happened to STS? Pre-service physics teachers and the history of quantum mechanics
Nashon, S. M., Nielsen, W., & Petrina, S. (2007) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-007-9085-7 · Cited by 23
Astronomical misconceptions and the effectiveness of science museums in promoting conceptual change
Stover, S. K., & Saunders, G. (2000) · Journal of Elementary Science Education · doi:10.1007/bf03176897 · Cited by 23
Third-grade students’ mental models of energy expenditure during exercise
Pasco, D., & Ennis, C. D. (2013) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2013.803525 · Cited by 23
McDevitt, T. M., & Ormrod, J. E. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00045.x · Cited by 23
Taber, K. S. (2010) · The Curriculum Journal · doi:10.1080/09585170903558299 · Cited by 23
Bılgın, İ. (2005) · International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.1007/s10763-005-9015-6 · Cited by 23
Covering the Standards: Astronomy Teachers’ Preparation and Beliefs
Plummer, J. D., & Zahm, V. M. (2010) · Astronomy Education Review · doi:10.3847/aer2009077 · Cited by 23
Warfa, A.-R. M., Roehrig, G., Schneider, J. L., & Nyachwaya, J. M. (2014) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/c4rp00119b · Cited by 23
A Theoretical Framework for Teaching Statistics
Mills, J. D. (2003) · Teaching Statistics · doi:10.1111/1467-9639.00126 · Cited by 23
Using Learning Progressions To Inform Large-Scale Assessment
Alonzo, A. C., Neidorf, T., & Anderson, C. (2012) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6091-824-7_10 · Cited by 23
Anomalous Evidence, Confidence Change, and Theory Change
Hemmerich, J. A., Voorhis, K. V., & Wiley, J. (2015) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.12289 · Cited by 23
Korthagen, F. A. J., & Lagerwerf, B. (1995) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.3660321004 · Cited by 23
Collateral Learning in Science: Students’ responses to a cross‐cultural unit of work
Herbert, S. (2008) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500690701345468 · Cited by 23
Students' Conceptual Level of Understanding on Chemical Bonding
Pabuccu, A., & Geban, Ö. (2012) · Cited by 23
Yang, F., Chang, C.-C., Chen, L.-L., & Chen, Y.-C. (2016) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2016.1200763 · Cited by 23
Larkin, D. B. (2012) · Teachers College Record The Voice of Scholarship in Education · doi:10.1177/016146811211400808 · Cited by 23
Özkan, G., & Selçuk, G. S. (2015) · Journal of Baltic Science Education · doi:10.33225/jbse/15.14.753 · Cited by 23
Akaygün, S., & Adadan, E. (2020) · Education 3-13 · doi:10.1080/03004279.2020.1854961 · Cited by 23
Towards a manager's mental model: Conceptual change through business simulation
Palmunen, L.-M., Lainema, T., & Pelto, E. (2021) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100460 · Cited by 23
Green, K., & Delgado, C. (2021) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2020.1869854 · Cited by 23
Implications of The Nature of Technology for Teaching and Teacher Education
Kruse, J. (2013) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6209-269-3_18 · Cited by 23
Hadzidaki, P. (2006) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-006-9057-3 · Cited by 25
Future Elementary School Teachers' Conceptual Change Concerning Photosynthesis
Ahopelto, I., Mikkilä‐Erdmann, M., Anto, E., & Penttinen, M. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.1080/00313831.2010.550060 · Cited by 23
How to Balance Chemistry Education Between Observing Phenomena and Thinking in Models
De Jong, O., Blonder, R., & Oversby, J. (2013) · Teaching Chemistry – A Studybook · doi:10.1007/978-94-6209-140-5_4 · Cited by 23
Conceptual Change Research and the Teaching of Science
Vosniadou, S. (2001) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-306-47639-8_24 · Cited by 23
History and Philosophy of Science and the Preparation for Constructivist Teaching
Nussbaum, J. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012498360-1/50007-6 · Cited by 23
Windschitl, M. (2001) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500690150198188 · Cited by 23
Delimitando el campo de aplicación del cambio conceptual
Martínez, N. M. (1999) · Enseñanza de las Ciencias Revista de investigación y experiencias didácticas · doi:10.5565/rev/ensciencias.4107 · Cited by 23
Becoming a member of the teaching profession: Learning a language of possibility
Rosaen, C. L., & Schram, P. J. (1998) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/s0742-051x(97)00044-9 · Cited by 23
Patient education through teaching for conceptual change
Hewson, M. G. (1993) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02600081 · Cited by 23
Psicología y Didáctica de las Ciencias de la naturaleza ¿concepciones alternativas?
Pozo, J. I. (1993) · Journal for the Study of Education and Development Infancia y Aprendizaje · doi:10.1080/02103702.1993.10822381 · Cited by 24
A Longitudinal Characterization of Young Students' Knowledge of Their Country's Government
Sinatra, G. M., Beck, I. L., & McKeown, M. G. (1992) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1163260 · Cited by 23
Enseigner de façon constructiviste, est-ce faisable ?
Vérin, A. (1998) · Aster · doi:10.4267/2042/8695 · Cited by 23
Arısoy, N. (2007) · OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University) · Cited by 23
How to Teach Photosynthesis? A Review of Academic Research
Jančaříková, K., & Jančařík, A. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142013529 · Cited by 22
Cognitive constraints and spontaneous interpretations in physics
Sebastià, J. M. (1989) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/0950069890110401 · Cited by 22
Weingartner, K. M., & Masnick, A. M. (2019) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.03.004 · Cited by 22
Adolescents and adults need inhibitory control to compare fractions
Rossi, S., Vidal, J., Létang, M., Houdé, O., & Borst, G. (2019) · Journal of Numerical Cognition · doi:10.5964/jnc.v5i3.197 · Cited by 22
The Role of Alternative Theories and Anomalous Evidence in Children’s Scientific Belief Revision
Ganea, P. A., Larsen, N. E., & Venkadasalam, V. P. (2020) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13481 · Cited by 22
Karonen, M., Murtonen, M., Södervik, I., Manninen, M., & Salomäki, M. (2021) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci11060258 · Cited by 26
Refuting student teachers’ misconceptions about multimedia learning
Prinz, A., Kollmer, J., Flick, L., Renkl, A., & Eitel, A. (2021) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-021-09568-z · Cited by 26
Atchia, S. M. C., Chummun, D., & Luckho, S. (2022) · Journal of Biological Education · doi:10.1080/00219266.2022.2100452 · Cited by 22
Learning molecular genetics in teacher-led outreach laboratories
Ben-Nun, M., & Yarden, A. (2009) · Journal of Biological Education · doi:10.1080/00219266.2009.9656187 · Cited by 22
Engineering a Dynamic Science Learning Environment for K-12 Teachers
Hardré, P. L., Nanny, M. A., Refai, H. H., Ling, C., & Slater, J. (2010) · Teacher education quarterly (Claremont, Calif.) · Cited by 22
Donovan, J., & Venville, G. J. (2012) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-012-9491-3 · Cited by 22
Persuasive Pedagogy: A New Paradigm for Mathematics Education
Hennessey, M. N., Higley, K., & Chesnut, S. R. (2011) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-011-9190-7 · Cited by 29
Kampourakis, K., & Nehm, R. H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_13 · Cited by 22
The Relative Effectiveness of Integrated Reading Study Strategy and Conceptual Physics Approach
Taşlıdere, E., & Eryılmaz, A. (2010) · Research in Science Education · doi:10.1007/s11165-010-9194-1 · Cited by 22
The effect of case-based instruction on 10th grade students' understanding of gas concepts
Yalçınkaya, E., & Boz, Y. (2014) · Chemistry Education Research and Practice · doi:10.1039/c4rp00156g · Cited by 22
Observation of Cognitive Structure and Conceptual Changes through Word Associations Tests
Ercan, F., Taşdere, A., & Ercan, N. (2010) · Journal of Turkish Science Education · Cited by 22
Promoting cognitive and social aspects of inquiry through classroom discourse
Jin, H., Wei, X., Duan, P., Guo, Y., & Wang, W. (2016) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2016.1154998 · Cited by 22
Exploring the reasons for the seasons using Google Earth, 3D models, and plots
Paor, D. G. D., Dordevic, M. M., Karabinos, P. M., Burgin, S. R., Coba, F., & Whitmeyer, S. J. (2016) · International Journal of Digital Earth · doi:10.1080/17538947.2016.1239770 · Cited by 22
Prediger, S. (2008) · International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education · doi:10.29333/iejme/223 · Cited by 22
Learning about the scale of the solar system using digital planetarium visualizations
Yu, K. C., Sahami, K., & Dove, J. (2017) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.4984812 · Cited by 22
Flaig, M., Simonsmeier, B. A., Mayer, A., Rosman, T., Gorges, J., & Schneider, M. (2018) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2017.12.008 · Cited by 22
Karim, N. I., Maries, A., & Singh, C. (2018) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.14.010117 · Cited by 22
Romine, W. L., Todd, A., & Walter, E. M. (2018) · Evolution Education and Outreach · doi:10.1186/s12052-018-0093-7 · Cited by 22
Evidence for conceptual change in approaches to teaching
Cassidy, R., & Ahmad, A. (2019) · Teaching in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/13562517.2019.1680537 · Cited by 22
Koretsky, M. (2019) · Computer Applications in Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/cae.22178 · Cited by 22
Dealing with opposing theoretical perspectives: knowledge in structures or knowledge in pieces?
Scheiner, T. (2020) · Educational Studies in Mathematics · doi:10.1007/s10649-020-09950-7 · Cited by 24
Diyana, T. N., Sutopo, S., & Sunaryono, S. (2020) · Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia · doi:10.15294/jpii.v9i2.24043 · Cited by 22
Samsudin, A., Afif, N. F., Nugraha, M. G., Suhandi, A., Fratiwi, N. J., Aminudin, A. H., Adimayuda, R., Linuwih, S., & Çoştu, B. (2021) · Journal of Turkish Science Education · doi:10.36681/tused.2021.56 · Cited by 22
Jacobson, N. G., Thacker, I., & Sinatra, G. M. (2021) · Discourse Processes · doi:10.1080/0163853x.2021.1925059 · Cited by 22
Exploring how people with chronic pain understand their pain: a qualitative study
Keen, S., Lomeli-Rodriguez, M., & Williams, A. C. D. C. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2021-0060 · Cited by 22
Níaz, M. (2000) · Interchange · doi:10.1023/a:1007665712824 · Cited by 22
Yürük, N. (2007) · Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education · doi:10.12973/ejmste/75411 · Cited by 22
Towards Dialogic Teaching in Science: Challenging Classroom Realities through Teacher Education.
Lehesvuori, S. (2013) · Nordic Studies in Science Education · doi:10.5617/nordina.768 · Cited by 23
Roth, K. J. (2004) · Advances in research on teaching · doi:10.1016/s1479-3687(02)80009-8 · Cited by 22
Can we Speak of Alternative Frameworks and Conceptual Change in Mechanics?
Rowlands, S., Graham, T., & Berry, J. (1999) · Science & Education · doi:10.1023/a:1008631623632 · Cited by 22
Tsai, C. (2001) · British Journal of Educational Technology · doi:10.1111/1467-8535.00230 · Cited by 22
Constructivism, Consultee-Centered Consultation, and Conceptual Change
Sandoval, J. (1996) · Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation · doi:10.1207/s1532768xjepc0701_8 · Cited by 22
Boling, E. C. (2003) · Action in Teacher Education · doi:10.1080/01626620.2003.10463280 · Cited by 22
Kager, K., Kalinowski, E., Jurczok, A., & Vock, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1322624 · Cited by 21
Wooten, M. M., Cool, A. M., Prather, E. E., & Tanner, K. D. (2014) · Physical Review Special Topics - Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevstper.10.020103 · Cited by 21
ENGLISH TEACHING IMPLEMENTATION IN INDONESIAN PESANTRENS: TEACHERS’ DEMOTIVATION FACTORS
Habibi, A., & Sofwan, M. (2016) · IJET (Indonesian Journal of English Teaching) · doi:10.15642/ijet.2016.5.2.199-213 · Cited by 21
Confronting Prior Conceptions in Paleontology Courses
Yacobucci, M. M. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108681391 · Cited by 21
Evidence-Based Practices for the Active Learning Classroom
Idsardi, R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33600-4_2 · Cited by 21
Gropengießer, H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61342-9_2 · Cited by 21
Threshold concepts and certainty: a critical analysis of ‘troublesomeness’
Stopford, R. J. (2020) · Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s10734-020-00628-w · Cited by 21
The Effect of the Conceptual Change Model on Conceptual Understanding of Electrostatics
Addido, J., Borowczak, A. C. B., & Slater, T. F. (2022) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci12100696 · Cited by 21
Putri, A. H., Samsudin, A., Purwanto, M. G., & Suhandi, A. (2022) · Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE) · doi:10.23917/ijolae.v4i3.18249 · Cited by 21
Littledyke, M. (1996) · Pedagogy Culture and Society · doi:10.1080/0965975960040107 · Cited by 21
Strömdahl, H. (2011) · Science & Education · doi:10.1007/s11191-010-9335-y · Cited by 21
KAVRAM KARİKATÜRLERİYLE DESTEKLENMİŞ ARGÜMANTASYON TEMELLİ UYGULAMALARIN ETKİNLİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Çinici, A. (2014) · Adıyaman üniversitesi sosyal bilimler enstitüsü dergisi/Adıyaman üniversitesi sosyal bilimler enstitisü dergisi · doi:10.14520/adyusbd.839 · Cited by 21
Supporting Conceptual Change in School Science: A possible role for tacit understanding
Howe, C. J., Devine, A., & Tavares, J. T. (2011) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2011.585353 · Cited by 21
Geller, C., Neumann, K., Boone, W. J., & Fischer, H. E. (2014) · International Journal of Science Education · doi:10.1080/09500693.2014.950185 · Cited by 21
Talib, O., Matthews, R., & Secombe, M. (2005) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) · Cited by 21
A Mixed Methods Analysis of a Single-Course Strategy to Integrate Technology Into PETE
Wyant, J. D., Jones, E. M., & Bulger, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.2013-0114 · Cited by 22
Category change in the absence of cognitive conflict.
Ramsburg, J. T., & Ohlsson, S. (2015) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000050 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- Posner, G. J., Strike, K. A., Hewson, P. W., & Gertzog, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- Science Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1982-04
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 211-227
- ISSN
- 0036-8326 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-237X
- OpenAlex
- W1989748540
- Semantic Scholar
- c8a51c04d39bbd568c1295eb5ea18c27f640091f
- Cited by
- 5,187
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 187 · 2025: 175 · 2024: 137 · 2023: 155 · 2022: 158 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 220 · 2019: 194 · 2018: 171 · 2017: 193 · 2016: 187 · 2015: 202 · 2014: 202 · 2013: 248 · 2012: 223
- FWCI
- 116.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science Education (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Science Education and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Evolution and Science Education
- Keywords
- conceptual change, scientific concepts, accommodation, cognitive development, science learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
