Cited by 712Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesPomegranate: compositions and health benefits

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Lycopene: A Biologically Important Carotenoid for Humans?

Stahl, Wilhelm, Sies, Helmut·1996·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

DOI 10.1006/abbi.1996.0525

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Abstract

Lycopene is a carotenoid present in human blood (approximately 0.5 micromol/liter plasma), and the tissue levels vary from 1 nmol/g wet wt in adipose tissue to up to 20 nmol/g wet wt in adrenals and testes. Its biological activities include antioxidant activity (singlet oxygen quenching and peroxyl radical scavenging), induction of cell-cell communication, and growth control, but no provitamin A activity. Epidemiological studies suggest protective effects of lycopene on some types of cancer, e.g., prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies on growth of tumor cells support this conclusion. The major sources of lycopene for the human are tomatoes and tomato products, and bioavailability from different food items varies considerably. Lycopene oxidation products have recently been identified in human serum. Suggested health effects of lycopene require further investigation.

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Background
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“Lycopene, an acyclic non-provitamin A carotenoid with 11 linearly arranged conjugated double bounds and found in relatively few foods, has received much research attention because of its potential antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties [1–3].”
Background
Lycopene protects against atrazine-induced hepatotoxicity through modifications of cytochrome P450 enzyme system in microsomes
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“Epidemiological evidence and experimental results suggest that dietary carotenoids inhibit the onset of many diseases in which free radicals are thought to play a role in initiation, such as arteriosclerosis, cataracts, and cancer (Stahl and Sies, 1996; Henneckens, 1997).”
Background
Effect of Dietary Lycopene on N-Methylnitrosourea-Induced Mammary Tumorigenesis
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“Carotenoids exert the antioxidant actions based on their singlet oxygen quenching properties and ability to trap peroxyl radicals (Paiva and Russell 1999; Stahl and Sies 1996).”
Background
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“Human plasma lycopene concentrations are approximately 0·5mM((46)), but range from 0·01 to 1·8mM depending on the region of study.”
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“Beyond that, lycopene may induce β-cell intercellular communication through gap junctions(51), which contributed to the control of insulin secretion and glucose tolerance(52).”
Background
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Background
Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto
de Fisiologia, S. (2001) · Cited by 29
Lycopene supplementation restores vitamin A deficiency in mice and possesses thereby partial pro‐vitamin A activity transmitted via RAR signaling
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“Carotenoids present in plasma have been shown to act as antioxidants(19) because they can quench singlet oxygen, a potential cause of lipid peroxidation, which is considered a potential initiator of CVD.(19,47) The highest physical quenching rate constant of all carotenoids with singlet oxygen has been attributed to l…”
BackgroundInfluential
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“Lycopene is a red carotenoid pigment of M + (536) found in fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes (Stahl and Sies, 1996).”
Background
Pros and Cons of Dietary Vitamin A and Its Precursors in Poultry Health and Production: A Comprehensive Review
Khan, R. U., Khan, A., Naz, S., Ullah, Q., Puvača, N., Laudadio, V., Mazzei, D., Seidavi, A., Ayaşan, T., & Tufarelli, V. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12051131 · Cited by 29
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“Lycopene is a potent antioxidant found in tomatoes (28), but the mechanism by which lycopene may modify the association of HCA intake and prostate cancer is currently unclear.”
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Bauerfeind, J., Hintze, V., Kschonsek, J., Killenberg, M., & Böhm, V. (2014) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf502019r · Cited by 27
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“Lycopene, which is an acyclic isomer of β-carotene with 11 conjugated double bonds in an all-trans configuration (Stahl and Sies, 1996), has no vitamin A activity (Rao and Agarwal, 1999).”
Background
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“induction of cell–cell communication and growth control, but does not have provitamin A activity.(33) These results must be interpreted”
Background
Higher serum lycopene is associated with reduced prevalence of hypertension in overweight or obese adults
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“Lycopene is responsible for the red colour of tomatoes (Nguyen & Schwartz, 1999) and is regarded as an antioxidant with high biological activity in the body (Stahl & Sies, 1996).”
Background
Lycopene Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion and Migration of Human Breast Cancer Cells
Koh, M.-S., Hwang, J. S., & Moon, A. (2010) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.1.092 · Cited by 26
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Background
The Role of Lycopene in Health and Disease
Johnson, E. J. (2000) · Nutrition in Clinical Care · doi:10.1046/j.1523-5408.2000.00004.x · Cited by 26
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“Cells were pretreated with lycopene (10mmol) at 37°C for 24 h, and after UV-B irradiation, irradiated cells were incubated under standard culture conditions for a final 24 h period [Stahl and Sies, 1996; Hwang and Lee, 2006; Ascenso et al., 2016].”
Method
Retracted
Antioxidants and Vitamins
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Background
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Background
Use of Lycopene, an Antioxidant Carotinoid, in Laying Hens for Egg Yolk Pigmentation
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“It is synthesized by microorganisms, red fruits and vegetables, including tomatoes, watermelons, pink grapefruits, apricots, pink guavas and papaya (Stahl and Sies 1996).”
Background
Lycopene content in raw tomato varieties and tomato products
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“The mechanism of action of lycopene involves its antioxidant effect by quenching free radicals physically and chemically, thus contributing to the protection of cellular components from damage by highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) [76,77].”
Background
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“…for the orange/red color of Diospyros kaki (Clinton, 1998; Giraldi, et al., 2003), changes significantly between cultivars, stage of maturity and growing conditions (Stahl & Sies, 1996; 2003) and also is regarded as an antioxidant with high biological activity among humans (Sahlin, et al., 2004).”
Background
Carotenoids
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Self-citation
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“[5,6] Hyaluronidase is a substance prepared from the testes and semen of mammals that modifies the permeability of connective tissue through the hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid, a polysaccharide found in the intercellular ground substance of connective tissue.”
Quantification of lycopene in tomato products: comparing the performances of a newly proposed direct photothermal method and high‐performance liquid chromatography
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“Other potential human health benefits include a possible role in the fight against digestive tract, breast, lung, stomach and prostate cancers [8, 12-15].”
Background
Lipid Oxidation and Carotenoids Content in Frying Oil and Fried Dough Containing Carrot Powder
Lee, J., Kim, M., Park, K., & Choe, E. (2003) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09634.x · Cited by 22
Lycopene reduces in utero bisphenol A exposure-induced mortality, benefits hormones, and development of reproductive organs in offspring mice
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“…(Lycium chinense) (Zhao et al. 2014), watermelons, mango (Mangifera indica L.), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), papaya (Chaenomeles sinensis), pink grapefruit, apricot, pink guavas, and rosehip (Rosa canina) (Stahl and Sies 1996; Rao and Agarwal 2000; Ried and Fakler 2011; Vats and Gupta 2017).”
Antiproliferative effect of guava fruit extracts in MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines
CORREA, M. G., Couto, J. S., Trindade, B. B., de Abreu, J. P., Nakajima, V. M., de Oliveira, F. L., Farah, A., & Teodoro, A. J. (2020) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765202020191500 · Cited by 21
Redox Pioneer: Professor Helmut Sies
Jones, D. P., & Radí, R. (2014) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2014.6037 · Cited by 21
“Lycopene, present in different foods (83–87), showed preferential availability from processed tomato products (86).”
Lycopene in Beverage Emulsions: Optimizing Formulation Design and Processing Effects for Enhanced Delivery
Meroni, E., & Raikos, V. (2018) · Beverages · doi:10.3390/beverages4010014 · Cited by 21
“Lycopene is a natural pigment responsible for the red color of some fruits, such as tomato, watermelon, grapefruit, guava and papaya [8,9].”
Background
Lycopene improves the distorted ratio between AA/DHA in the seminal plasma of infertile males and increases the likelihood of successful pregnancy
Filipčíková, R., Oborná, I., Brezinova, J., et al. (2013) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2013.007 · Cited by 21
Beta-carotene attenuates experimentally induced liver cirrhosis in rats.
Wardi, J., Reifen, R. M., Aeed, H., Zadel, L., Avni, Y., & Bruck, R. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 21
Nutrients in the Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer: Current and Future Prospects
Kumar, N. B., & Besterman‐Dahan, K. (1999) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327489900600604 · Cited by 21
Synergic effect of curcumin or lycopene with irradiation upon oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Camacho‐Alonso, F., López‐Jornet, P., & Tudela‐Mulero, M. R. (2012) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.12025 · Cited by 20
DFT study on the quenching mechanism of singlet oxygen by lycopene
Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., & Lv, Q. (2016) · RSC Advances · doi:10.1039/c6ra19639j · Cited by 21
Stability of Carotenoids
Aslam, S., Ahmad, M., & Riaz, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46459-2_8 · Cited by 23
Cisplatin Causes Oxidation in Rat Liver Tissues: Possible Protective Effects of Antioxidant Food Supplementation
Avcı, A. (2008) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 20
Antioxidant activity and viability of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Co-culture in fermented tomato juice during refrigerated storage
Dzandu, B. A., Chotiko, A., & Sathivel, S. (2022) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102085 · Cited by 19
Biological Activities of Apo-canthaxanthinoic Acids Related to Gap Junctional Communication
Teicher, V. B., Kucharski, N., Martin, H., van der Saag, P. T., Sies, H., & Stahl, W. (1999) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1162 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Supercritical CO2-Extracted Tomato Oleoresins Enhance Gap Junction Intercellular Communications and Recover from Mercury Chloride Inhibition in Keratinocytes
Leone, A., Zefferino, R., Longo, C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf1001765 · Cited by 19
Trans–cis isomerisation of the carotenoid lycopene upon complexation with cholesteric polyester carriers investigated by Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory
López‐Ramírez, M. R., Sánchez‐Cortés, S., Méndez, M. P., et al. (2010) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.2570 · Cited by 19
Lycopene attenuates arachidonic acid toxicity in HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP2E1
Xu, Y., Leo, M. A., & Lieber, C. S. (2003) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00404-2 · Cited by 19
Lycopene stabilizes liver function during d -galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide induced hepatitis in rats
Abdulazeez, S. S., & Devaki, T. (2013) · Journal of Taibah University for Science · doi:10.1016/j.jtusci.2013.01.002 · Cited by 19
A chromatographic procedure for the determination of carotenoids and chlorophylls in vegetable products
Sio, F. D., Servillo, L., Loiuduce, R., et al. (2001) · Acta Alimentaria · doi:10.1556/aalim.30.2001.4.8 · Cited by 19
Progress in Lung Cancer Chemoprevention
Cohen, V., & Khuri, F. R. (2003) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327480301000406 · Cited by 19
A melancia como fonte de licopeno
Niizu, P. Y., & Rodriguez–Amaya, D. B. (2003) · REVISTA DO INSTITUTO ADOLFO LUTZ · doi:10.53393/rial.2003.62.34899 · Cited by 19
Effects of Carotenoids and Carotenoid-Tocopherol Interaction on Lipid Oxidation In Vitro
Haila, K. M. (1999) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 19
Capacity of peroxyl radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation by β-carotene, lycopene, and commercial tomato juice
Takashima, M., Shichiri, M., Hagihara, Y., et al. (2012) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c2fo30119a · Cited by 18

Authors: Stahl, W., & Sies, H.
Affiliations: Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
Corresponding author: Sies, Helmut
ORCID: Stahl, Wilhelm
Sies, Helmut
Venue: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1996-12
Volume: 336
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-9
ISSN: 0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1996.0525
OpenAlex: W1981682289
Cited by: 712
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 11.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
Keywords: lycopene, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, singlet oxygen quenching, peroxyl radical scavenging, intercellular communication, growth regulation, chemoprevention, prostate cancer, tissue distribution, bioavailability, tomato, human serum
MeSH terms: Lycopene, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Diet, Humans, Tissue Distribution, beta Carotene

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Lycopene: A Biologically Important Carotenoid for Humans?

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