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Lycopene: A Biologically Important Carotenoid for Humans?
Abstract
Lycopene is a carotenoid present in human blood (approximately 0.5 micromol/liter plasma), and the tissue levels vary from 1 nmol/g wet wt in adipose tissue to up to 20 nmol/g wet wt in adrenals and testes. Its biological activities include antioxidant activity (singlet oxygen quenching and peroxyl radical scavenging), induction of cell-cell communication, and growth control, but no provitamin A activity. Epidemiological studies suggest protective effects of lycopene on some types of cancer, e.g., prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies on growth of tumor cells support this conclusion. The major sources of lycopene for the human are tomatoes and tomato products, and bioavailability from different food items varies considerably. Lycopene oxidation products have recently been identified in human serum. Suggested health effects of lycopene require further investigation.
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“The level of lycopene normally observed in human plasma is on the order of 0.5 μM even with dietary supplementation [20, 52, 53].”
From The Effect of Lycopene Preexposure on UV‐B‐Irradiated Human Keratinocytes (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
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Lycopene and Lycopene-enriched Prostasomes
Goyal, A. K., Chopra, M., & Cooper, A. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429063602-10
Wu, M. (2006) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
Duan, X., Li, S., Li, Y., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1723758
“Lycopene is a fat-soluble natural pigment and is an important member of the carotenoid family (Stahl and Sies, 1996).”
Lee, S. Y., Pyo, J. S., Ahn, J. H., et al. (2026) · Journal of Bio-Environment Control · doi:10.12791/ksbec.2026.35.1.017
Gopinath, D., On, C. Y., Veettil, S. K., & Tilakaratne, W. M. (2026) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.70348
Sahu, C. K., & Roy, M. (2026) · Food biomacromolecules. · doi:10.1002/fob2.70081
Yoshida, K., Nakazawa, Y., & Takahashi, S. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18152505
“Lycopene has been reported as the most efficient singlet oxygen quencher among carotenoids [10], and its quenching ability mainly depends on the number of conjugated double bonds [9,11].”
Nandi, R., Mondal, S., Das, S., Dalal, S., & Bhattacharyya, P. (2026) · Bioresource Technology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2026.103010
Ferrer, I. C. (2005) · TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Metadata
- Authors
- Stahl, W., & Sies, H.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Sies, Helmut
- Venue
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-12
- Volume
- 336
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981682289
- Cited by
- 712
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 11.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
- Keywords
- lycopene, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, singlet oxygen quenching, peroxyl radical scavenging, intercellular communication, growth regulation, chemoprevention, prostate cancer, tissue distribution, bioavailability, tomato, human serum
- MeSH terms
- Lycopene, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Diet, Humans, Tissue Distribution, beta Carotene
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