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Lycopene: A Biologically Important Carotenoid for Humans?
Abstract
Lycopene is a carotenoid present in human blood (approximately 0.5 micromol/liter plasma), and the tissue levels vary from 1 nmol/g wet wt in adipose tissue to up to 20 nmol/g wet wt in adrenals and testes. Its biological activities include antioxidant activity (singlet oxygen quenching and peroxyl radical scavenging), induction of cell-cell communication, and growth control, but no provitamin A activity. Epidemiological studies suggest protective effects of lycopene on some types of cancer, e.g., prostate cancer. In vitro and in vivo studies on growth of tumor cells support this conclusion. The major sources of lycopene for the human are tomatoes and tomato products, and bioavailability from different food items varies considerably. Lycopene oxidation products have recently been identified in human serum. Suggested health effects of lycopene require further investigation.
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“The level of lycopene normally observed in human plasma is on the order of 0.5 μM even with dietary supplementation [20, 52, 53].”
From The Effect of Lycopene Preexposure on UV‐B‐Irradiated Human Keratinocytes (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
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“The potential benefits of Lut and Zx include protection against macular degradation (Thomson et al., 2002; Krinsky et al., 2003), singlet oxygen quenching, and peroxyl radical trapping (Stahl and Sies, 1996).”
BackgroundCasa, R., & Rouphael, Y. (2014) · The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/14620316.2014.11513097 · Cited by 38
“Since it has been reported that lycopene, the most abundant carotenoid in tomato fruit, has beneficial antioxidant effects and may be a major factor in reducing the risk of cancer and heart disease (Giovannucci, 1999; Stahl and Sies, 1996), there has been considerable interest in its measurement.”
BackgroundShi, J., Wu, Y., Bryan, M., & Marc, M. L. (2002) · Preventive Nutrition and Food Science · doi:10.3746/jfn.2002.7.2.179 · Cited by 39
The Contribution of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption to Human Health
Yahia, E. M., Celis, M. E. M., & Svendsen, M. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119158042.ch1 · Cited by 46
Denniss, S. G. (2008) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.2008.04.01.213 · Cited by 37
“This lipophilic compound is transported in the blood by lipoproteins and accumulates in many human tissues including the vasculature (Suarna et al 1995; Stahl and Sies 1996).”
Bacterial Probiotics: A Truly Green Revolution
García‐Fraile, P., Menéndez, E., Celador-Lera, L., Díez-Méndez, A., Jiménez‐Gómez, A., Marcos‐García, M., Cruz-González, X., Martínez‐Hidalgo, P., Mateos, P. F., & Rivas, R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-3473-2_6 · Cited by 38
Maruyama, C., Imamura, K., Oshima, S., et al. (2001) · Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology · doi:10.3177/jnsv.47.213 · Cited by 37
Mediterranean shrubs as potential antioxidant sources
Sanjust, E., Mocci, G., Zucca, P., & Rescigno, A. (2008) · Natural Product Research · doi:10.1080/14786410801997125 · Cited by 37
Nadeem, M., Navida, M., Ameer, K., Iqbal, A., Malik, F., Nadeem, M., Fatima, H., Ahmed, A., & Din, A. (2022) · Korean Journal of Food Preservation · doi:10.11002/kjfp.2022.29.4.546 · Cited by 38
“The antioxidant property of lycopene and its bright red color are attributed to its unique conjugated polyene structure (Holzapfel et al., 2013; Shi and Maguer, 2000; Stahl and Sies, 1996).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Stahl, W., & Sies, H.
- Affiliations
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Sies, Helmut
- Venue
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-12
- Volume
- 336
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0003-9861 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981682289
- Cited by
- 712
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 11.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
- Keywords
- lycopene, carotenoids, antioxidant activity, singlet oxygen quenching, peroxyl radical scavenging, intercellular communication, growth regulation, chemoprevention, prostate cancer, tissue distribution, bioavailability, tomato, human serum
- MeSH terms
- Lycopene, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Diet, Humans, Tissue Distribution, beta Carotene
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