The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
An Nrf2/Small Maf Heterodimer Mediates the Induction of Phase II Detoxifying Enzyme Genes through Antioxidant Response Elements
Abstract
The induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes is an important defense mechanism against intake of xenobiotics. While this group of enzymes is believed to be under the transcriptional control of antioxidant response elements (AREs), this contention is experimentally unconfirmed. Since the ARE resembles the binding sequence of erythroid transcription factor NF-E2, we investigated the possibility that the phase II enzyme genes might be regulated by transcription factors that also bind to the NF-E2 sequence. The expression profiles of a number of transcription factors suggest that an Nrf2/small Maf heterodimer is the most likely candidate to fulfill this role in vivo. To directly test these questions, we disrupted the murine nrf2 gene in vivo. While the expression of phase II enzymes (e.g., glutathione S-transferase and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase) was markedly induced by a phenolic antioxidant in vivo in both wild type and heterozygous mutant mice, the induction was largely eliminated in the liver and intestine of homozygous nrf2-mutant mice. Nrf2 was found to bind to the ARE with high affinity only as a heterodimer with a small Maf protein, suggesting that Nrf2/small Maf activates gene expression directly through the ARE. These results demonstrate that Nrf2 is essential for the transcriptional induction of phase II enzymes and the presence of a coordinate transcriptional regulatory mechanism for phase II enzyme genes. The nrf2-deficient mice may prove to be a very useful model for the in vivo analysis of chemical carcinogenesis and resistance to anti-cancer drugs.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Using in vivo studies in mice, Itoh et al. discovered that the induction of phase II enzymes through the ARE is mediated by a protein transcription factor called Nrf2 [44] (Figure 2).”
From Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress: A General Overview of Mechanisms and Implications in Human Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Within the nucleus, Nrf2 cannot bind to the ARE as a monomer and must heterodimerize with the small Maf protein (sMaf) family (MafF, MafG, MafK) for transcriptional activation of antioxidant genes [44].”
From Nrf2 and Oxidative Stress: A General Overview of Mechanisms and Implications in Human Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
In the citing paper
“Antioxidant genes regulated by nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) possess functional roles to limit microglial inflammation.”
From ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [167]
In the citing paper
“Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that upregulates genes via interaction with an antioxidant response element (ARE), e.g., genes encoding NADH-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) [167].”
From ROS Generation in Microglia: Understanding Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [167]
Citations
Cites
Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4
LAEMMLI, U. K. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/227680a0 · Cited by 249,961
Single-Step Method of RNA Isolation by Acid Guanidinium Thiocyanate–Phenol–Chloroform Extraction
Chomczynski, P., & Sacchi, N. (1987) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1006/abio.1987.9999 · Cited by 65,515
Glutathione Transferases—Structure and Catalytic Activit
Mannervik, B., Danielson, U. H., & KETTERER, B. (1988) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.3109/10409238809088226 · Cited by 1,759
Moi, P., Chan, K., Asunis, I., Cao, A., & Kan, Y. W. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.21.9926 · Cited by 1,607
Rushmore, T. H., Morton, M. R., & Pickett, C. B. (1991) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99004-6 · Cited by 1,464
HPRT-deficient (Lesch–Nyhan) mouse embryos derived from germline colonization by cultured cells
Hooper, M., Hardy, K., Handyside, A. H., Hunter, S., & Monk, M. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/326292a0 · Cited by 1,218
Chasseaud, L. F. (1979) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60848-9 · Cited by 1,165
Radjendirane, V., & Jaiswal, A. K. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14960 · Cited by 1,034
Toxicology and biochemistry of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene
Branen, A. L. (1975) · Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society · doi:10.1007/bf02901825 · Cited by 768
Oyake, T., Itoh, K., Motohashi, H., Hayashi, N., Hoshino, H., Nishizawa, M., Yamamoto, M. P., & Igarashi, K. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.16.11.6083 · Cited by 656
Chan, K., Lu, R., Chang, J. C., & Kan, Y. W. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13943 · Cited by 643
Erythroid transcription factor NF-E2 is a haematopoietic-specific basic–leucine zipper protein
Andrews, N. C., Erdjument‐Bromage, H., Davidson, M. B., Tempst, P., & Orkin, S. H. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362722a0 · Cited by 637
Rushmore, T. H., & Pickett, C. B. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)77351-1 · Cited by 522
Satoh, K., Kitahara, A., Soma, Y., Inaba, Y., Hatayama, I., & Sato, K. (1985) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.82.12.3964 · Cited by 494
Regulation of transcription by dimerization of erythroid factor NF-E2 p45 with small Maf proteins
Igarashi, K., Kataokat, K., Itoh, K., Hayashi, N., Nishizawa, M., & Yamamoto, M. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/367568a0 · Cited by 442
Itoh, K., Igarashi, K., Hayashi, N., Nishizawa, M., & Yamamoto, M. P. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.8.4184 · Cited by 438
Kataoka, K., Noda, M., & Nishizawa, M. (1994) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.14.1.700 · Cited by 436
Chemical and molecular regulation of enzymes that detoxify carcinogens.
Prestera, T., Holtzclaw, W. D., Zhang, Y., & Talalay, P. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.7.2965 · Cited by 416
Cloning of Nrf1, an NF-E2-related transcription factor, by genetic selection in yeast.
Chan, J. Y., Han, X. L., & Kan, Y. W. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.23.11371 · Cited by 342
Inhibitors of Chemical Carcinogenesis
Wattenberg, L. W. (1978) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60088-3 · Cited by 303
Waxman, D. J. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 258
Andrews, N. C., Kotkow, K. J., Ney, P. A., Erdjument‐Bromage, H., Tempst, P., & Orkin, S. H. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.24.11488 · Cited by 244
Friling, R. S., Bergelson, S., & Daniel, V. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.2.668 · Cited by 229
Kataoka, K., Igarashi, K., Itoh, K., Fujiwara, K. T., Noda, M., Yamamoto, M. P., & Nishizawa, M. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.4.2180 · Cited by 217
Glutathione-S-transferase pi as a determinant of drug resistance in transfectant cell lines.
Nakagawa, K., Saijo, N., Tsuchida, S., Sakai, M., Tsunokawa, Y., Yokota, J., Muramatsu, M., Sato, K., Terada, M., & Tew, K. D. (1990) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)39562-6 · Cited by 197
Buetler, T. M., Gallagher, E. P., Wang, C. H., Stahl, D., Hayes, J. D., & Eaton, D. L. (1995) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1995.1207 · Cited by 184
Okuda, A., Imagawa, M., Maeda, Y., Sakai, M., & Muramatsu, M. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84795-6 · Cited by 151
Puchalski, R. B., & Fahl, W. E. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.7.2443 · Cited by 147
ARE- and TRE-mediated Regulation of Gene Expression
Xie, T., Belinsky, M. G., Xu, Y., & Jaiswal, A. K. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.12.6894 · Cited by 142
Caterina, J. J., Donze, D., Sun, C., Ciavatta, D. J., & Townes, T. M. (1994) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/22.12.2383 · Cited by 138
The structure of the rat glutathione S-transferase P gene and related pseudogenes.
Okuda, A., Sakai, M., & Muramatsu, M. (1987) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61435-8 · Cited by 131
Segmentally restricted, cephalic expression of a leucine zipper gene during Drosophila embryogenesis
Mohler, J., Vani, K., Leung, S., & Epstein, A. (1991) · Mechanisms of Development · doi:10.1016/0925-4773(91)90086-l · Cited by 129
酵母での遺伝的選択によるNF-E2関連転写因子、Nrf1のクローニング
Chan, J. Y., X‐L, H., & W, K. Y. (1993) · Cited by 123
Toki, T., Itoh, J., Kitazawa, J., Arai, K., Hatakeyama, K., Akasaka, J.-I., Igarashi, K., Nomura, N., Yokoyama, M., Yamamoto, M. P., et al. (1997) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201024 · Cited by 116
Primiano, T., Sutter, T. R., & Kensler, T. W. (1996) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s1054-3589(08)60989-8 · Cited by 112
Hatayama, I., Satoh, K., & Sato, K. (1986) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(86)90771-0 · Cited by 108
Molecular Cloning of a Putative Novel Human bZIP Transcription Factor on Chromosome 17q22
Luna, L., Johnsen, Ø., Skartlien, A. H., Pédeutour, F., Turc‐Carel, C., Prydz, H., & Kolstø, A. (1994) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1428 · Cited by 81
Tissue-specific induction of murine glutathione transferase mRNAs by butylated hydroxyanisole.
Pearson, W. R., Reinhart, J., Sisk, S. C., Anderson, K., & Adler, P. N. (1988) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)37708-1 · Cited by 76
cDNA cloning of murine Nrf 2 gene, coding for a p45 NF-E2 related transcription factor.
Chui, D. H. K., Tang, W.-Z., & Orkin, S. H. (1995) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1467 · Cited by 65
McLellan, L. I., & Hayes, J. D. (1989) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2630393 · Cited by 63
Townsend, A. J., Goldsmith, M. E., Pickett, C. B., & Cowan, K. H. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(20)88223-4 · Cited by 57
Oxidative stress induces the levels of a MAFG homolog in hamster HA-1 cells
Crawford, D. R., Leahy, K. P., Wang, Y., Schools, G. P., Kochheiser, J. C., & Davies, K. J. A. (1996) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(96)00160-8 · Cited by 57
Valoti, M., Sipe, H. J., Sgaragli, G., & Mason, R. P. (1989) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(89)90126-4 · Cited by 56
Thompson, D. C., N, Y., & Trush, M. A. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84946-3 · Cited by 52
Two murine GSTpi genes are arranged in tandem and are differentially expressed.
Xu, X. P., & Stambrook, P. J. (1994) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43807-0 · Cited by 30
Chen, H. H., X, J., Forrest, G. L., Deng, P. S.-K., Martino, P. A., Lee, T. D., & Chen, S. (1992) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2840855 · Cited by 28
Reinhart, J., & Pearson, W. R. (1993) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1993.1299 · Cited by 24
Hayes, J. D., Kerr, L. A., Peacock, S. D., Cronshaw, A. D., & McLellan, L. I. (1991) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2770501 · Cited by 24
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 49 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Kataoka, 1994, Mol. Cell. Biol., 14, 700
- Chomczynski, 1987, Anal. Biochem., 162, 156, 10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2 · DOI
- Waxam, 1990, Cancer Res., 50, 6449
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and cancer: How are they linked?
Reuter, S., Gupta, S. C., Chaturvedi, M. M., & Aggarwal, B. B. (2010) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.006 · Cited by 5,441
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) as pleiotropic physiological signalling agents
Sies, H., & Jones, D. P. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-0230-3 · Cited by 5,335
Role of nrf2 in oxidative stress and toxicity
Ma, Q. (2013) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140320 · Cited by 4,903
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and redox regulation in cellular signaling
Ray, P. D., Huang, B.-W., & Tsuji, Y. (2012) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.01.008 · Cited by 4,373
Itoh, K., Wakabayashi, N., Katoh, Y., Ishii, T., Igarashi, K., Engel, J. D., & Yamamoto, M. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.1.76 · Cited by 3,634
Metadata
- Authors
- Itoh, K., Chiba, T., Takahashi, S., Ishii, T., Igarashi, K., Katoh, Y., Oyake, T., Hayashi, N., Satoh, K., Hatayama, I., Yamamoto, M., & Nabeshima, Y.-I.
- Affiliations
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JP)
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Hirosaki University (JP)
- National Institute of Neuroscience (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Yamamoto, Masayuki
- ORCID
- Venue
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-07
- Volume
- 236
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 313-322
- ISSN
- 0006-291X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991631628
- Cited by
- 3,999
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 138 · 2025: 154 · 2024: 165 · 2023: 187 · 2022: 196 · 2021: 222 · 2020: 257 · 2019: 224 · 2018: 197 · 2017: 236 · 2016: 227 · 2015: 194 · 2014: 169 · 2013: 206 · 2012: 160
- FWCI
- 8.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (RFTF96I00202)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Keywords
- Nrf2, heterodimer, antioxidant response element, phase II enzymes, transcriptional regulation, Nrf2 knockout mice, glutathione S-transferase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, NF-E2, phenolic antioxidants, xenobiotic metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis, drug resistance
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Binding Sites, Butylated Hydroxyanisole, DNA-Binding Proteins, Glutathione Transferase, Heterozygote, Homozygote, Intestines, Liver, Male, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Quinone Reductases, Transcription Factors, Xenobiotics, Trans-Activators, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Mice, Knockout, DNA Adducts, Dimerization, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review